InvestMacro

As of Tuesday’s close, the Dow Jones Index (US30) declined by 0.14%. The S&P 500 Index (US500) fell by 0.49%, and the tech-heavy Nasdaq (US100) ended lower by 0.65%. The US stocks closed lower on Tuesday as investors grappled with disappointing economic data, escalating trade tensions, and mixed corporate earnings. Stagflation concerns resurfaced after the ISM Services Index showed activity stalled in July. Meanwhile, President Trump’s threats to impose steep tariffs of up to 250% on pharmaceutical imports, along with potential tariffs on semiconductors, heightened market anxiety amid ongoing trade uncertainty with India, Switzerland, and China. On the earnings front, Palantir rose by 7.8% after raising its revenue expectations, while Pfizer gained 5.2% following a strong quarterly report.

In June 2025, Canada’s trade deficit widened to CAD 5.9 billion (seasonally adjusted), up from the revised figure of CAD 5.5 billion in the previous month. Imports increased by 1.4% from a six-month low to CAD 67.6 billion, marking the first increase in four months. Exports to the US, subject to sectoral and country-specific tariffs, rose 3.1% from the previous month but remained 12.5% lower year-over-year.

European stock markets mostly rose yesterday. Germany’s DAX (DE40) gained 0.37%, France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.14%, Spain’s IBEX35 (ES35) rose by 0.15%, and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed up 0.16%. The DAX in Frankfurt gave up early gains and closed 0.4% higher on Tuesday as investors continued to monitor earnings season and trade developments, with US tariffs set to take effect on August 7. Under the US-EU deal, most EU exporters will face a unified 15% US tariff — half the 30% Trump had previously threatened. In return, the EU pledged to lower its own tariffs on certain goods and boost energy imports from the US by $750 billion over the remaining three and a half years of Trump’s presidency. However, Trump warned he could impose 35% tariffs on the EU if Brussels fails to meet its $600 billion investment commitment in US infrastructure.

WTI crude oil prices rose above $65 per barrel on Wednesday, snapping a four-day losing streak and rebounding from a five-week low amid supply disruption concerns. Investors assessed potential supply interruptions, as India may reduce imports of Russian oil in response to President Trump’s tariff threats over continued purchases. Trump warned of raising tariffs on Indian goods within 24 hours to pressure Russian President Vladimir Putin to end the war in Ukraine. Additional support for bulls came from API data showing a 4.2 million barrel drop in US crude inventories last week, exceeding market expectations of a 1.8 million barrel decline and signaling stronger-than-expected demand.

Silver held near $37.8 per ounce on Wednesday after rising for three straight sessions, supported by growing expectations of Federal Reserve rate cuts. The latest ISM Services PMI for July pointed to sluggish growth, a decline in employment, and persistent price pressures, reinforcing signs of labor market cooling after last week’s weaker-than-expected payroll report. Markets are now pricing in two Fed rate cuts by year-end, with the first potentially in September.

Asian markets mostly rose yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) gained 0.64%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) increased by 0.94%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) rose by 0.68%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) posted a strong performance, up 1.23%.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), at its August meeting, held the key repo rate steady at 5.50%, maintaining a neutral stance after cutting the rate by 50 basis points in June, more than usual and in line with expectations. The rate remains at its lowest level since August 2022. The decision came amid easing inflation and the recent US announcement of 25% tariffs on Indian imports. On the economic outlook, the RBI maintained its GDP growth expectations at 6.5% for the 2025/26 fiscal year and 6.6% for the following year. Meanwhile, inflation expectations were revised downward to 3.1% from 3.7%, remaining within the RBI’s target range of 2-6%.

Vietnam’s annual inflation rate fell to 3.19% in July 2025 from 3.57% in June, marking the lowest level in three months. Meanwhile, core inflation, excluding volatile items, slowed to 3.30% in July from 3.46% in June, also a three-month low. On a monthly basis, consumer prices rose by 0.11%, down from a 0.48% increase in the previous period.

In June 2025, the unemployment rate in New Zealand rose to 5.2%, which is slightly higher than the previous figure of 5.1% and in line with market expectations. The number of unemployed increased to 158,000 people compared to 156,000 in March, representing an annual increase of 16,000 people, or 11.1%. This data indicates growing slack in the labor market, putting pressure on policymakers as economic dynamics continue to weaken.

The Dow Jones Index (US30) rose by 1.34% by the end of Monday. The S&P 500 Index (US500) gained 1.47%, and the tech-heavy Nasdaq (US100) closed 1.95% higher. The indexes’ growth was fueled by renewed hopes for a September Fed rate cut following a weak July employment report and a downward revision of data from previous months. In response, President Trump fired the head of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and stated he would name a replacement this week. Meanwhile, updated tariffs ranging from 10% to 41% added additional pressure, although Switzerland and the EU signaled an openness to negotiations. Mega-cap tech stocks led the gains as traders focused on strong earnings, with 82% of S&P 500 companies reporting better-than-expected results so far. Palantir jumped 4.2% ahead of its post-market earnings release, Nvidia was up 3.5%, and Amazon gained 1.5%.

European stock markets were mostly higher yesterday. The German DAX (DE40) increased by 1.42%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed up 1.14%, the Spanish IBEX35 (ES35) gained 1.84%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed 0.66% higher on Monday. The FTSE 100’s Monday gains were driven by a sharp rise in British bank stocks after a favorable Supreme Court ruling on a motor finance case. Shares of Lloyds Banking Group surged over 8% to their highest level since 2015, while Barclays climbed 1.5%. HSBC and Standard Chartered also saw gains. The ruling overturned a lower court decision, easing fears of massive compensation payouts related to mis-selling car loans. The Financial Conduct Authority is now estimating a potential redress amount of £9 billion, significantly lower than earlier market fears of up to £30 billion. The ratings agency RBC upgraded Lloyds, the largest player in the UK car finance market, calling the court decision an “event that removes significant pressure on the stock.” BP shares also rose nearly 2% ahead of its earnings report as investors anticipate new insights into the company’s return to traditional energy sources.

The Swiss franc weakened to 0.81 against the US dollar as concerns about newly announced US tariffs overshadowed modest Swiss inflation growth. On August 1st, the Trump administration announced 39% tariffs on Swiss exports, higher than the 31% tariffs announced in April, with the measures taking effect on August 7th. If the tariffs remain in place, they are expected to intensify disinflationary pressure in Switzerland. Meanwhile, inflation in July grew slightly to 0.2% year-over-year, which was higher than the 0.1% expectation but still near zero. The subdued price growth, combined with rising external risks, suggests that the Swiss National Bank may resort to further negative interest rate cuts. The Swiss Manufacturing PMI fell to 48.8 in July from 49.6 in June, signaling a deeper downturn in the sector.

WTI crude oil prices fell to $66.3 per barrel on Monday as traders digested the OPEC+ decision to increase production and growing geopolitical uncertainty. The group confirmed a widely anticipated production increase of 547,000 barrels per day starting in September, completing the phased unwinding of voluntary cuts enacted in 2023. While the move was expected, it heightened expectations that global oil supply could outpace demand this year, potentially leading to a buildup in inventories. Traders are also monitoring potential US actions on Russian oil flows. President Trump has threatened to impose additional sanctions on countries buying Russian oil, specifically targeting India, with possible measures taking effect as early as August 8th.

The US natural gas prices fell below the $3/ 3/MMBtu mark, nearing a low not seen since November 2024, as production outpaces demand. According to LSEG, average output in the Lower 48 states reached 107.5 billion cubic feet per day in July, surpassing June’s record of 106.4 billion cubic feet per day. As a result, the latest EIA data showed a larger-than-expected injection into storage of 48 billion cubic feet for the week ending July 25th, exceeding forecasts of 38 billion cubic feet.

Asian markets were mostly higher yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 1.25%, the Chinese FTSE China A50 (CHA50) rose by 0.52%, the Hong Kong Hang Seng (HK50) gained 0.92%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) had a positive result of 0.02% yesterday.

Hong Kong stocks dropped to 24,711 on Tuesday morning, reversing the previous session’s gains. Investors cautiously awaited China’s July trade data and upcoming inflation figures amid concerns over rising trade barriers and weak domestic demand. Consumer stocks fell while real estate, financial, and tech stocks saw modest gains. Further losses were contained by an overnight rally on Wall Street amid some bargain hunting after Friday’s decline and increased bets on a September rate cut. Meanwhile, according to a private survey, China’s services activity grew at its fastest pace in 14 months in July.

On Friday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) declined by 1.23% (-3.02% for the week). The S&P 500 Index (US500) dropped by 1.60% (-2.50% for the week), and the Nasdaq Tech Index (US100) closed down by 1.96% (-2.48% for the week). The US stocks fell on Friday as investors reacted to weak July employment data and a new round of tariffs announced by President Trump. Non-farm payrolls increased by just 73,000 in July, well below expectations, and sharp downward revisions to previous months’ data pointed to deeper labor market weakness. Treasury yields fell, and the probability of a Fed rate cut in September rose above 80%. Sentiment also soured after the US imposed new tariffs ranging from 10% to 41% on imports from key partners, including Canada, India, and Taiwan. On the corporate front, Amazon dropped nearly 8% due to disappointing cloud forecasts, dragging the broader market, while Apple fell 2.9% despite strong results. Exxon (-1.8%) and Chevron (-0.1%) beat expectations, Eli Lilly rose by 3% on hopes of drug coverage, while Moderna plunged 6.6% amid renewed vaccine concerns.

The Mexican peso fell to a one-month low, breaking through 18.80 per USD, despite broad dollar weakness, primarily reflecting domestic factors and tariff concerns weighing on the currency. The S&P Global Manufacturing PMI for July remained at 49.1 for the thirteenth consecutive month, while the business confidence index stayed below the 49.4 threshold, indicating falling export demand and reduced capital expenditures.

The Canadian dollar strengthened to 1.38 per USD, rebounding from a two-month low as the dollar weakened following the weak US non-farm payroll report showing just 73,000 new jobs vs. 110,000 expected, and a net downward revision of 258,000 positions. This boosted bets on a Fed rate cut in September. At the same time, Canada’s economy showed surprising resilience: after a 0.1% GDP contraction in May, a 0.1% increase is expected in June, with manufacturing output rising by 0.7%. This supports the Bank of Canada’s decision to hold rates steady at 2.75%, standing in sharp contrast to the Fed’s more dovish stance. Although President Trump’s surprise announcement of 35% tariffs briefly shook markets, Canadian exemptions under USMCA effectively cap export taxes at around 5%, softening any major impact on cross-border trade flows.

European stock markets mostly declined on Friday. Germany’s DAX (DE40) fell 2.66% (weekly: -4.09%), France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 2.91% (weekly: -4.77%), Spain’s IBEX35 (ES35) dropped 1.88% (weekly: -1.68%), and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed Friday 0.70% (weekly: -0.57%). European equities closed sharply lower on Friday, following a steep global market sell-off as the US government expanded the range of imports subject to tariffs. While the base tariff remained at 10%, rates were sharply increased for India (25%), Canada (35%), and Switzerland (39%). Overall, the average US tariff rate will rise to 15%, compared to roughly 2% in 2024. Additionally, banks and industrial giants fell sharply following the pessimistic US labor report: Siemens, Intesa Sanpaolo, ING, BNP Paribas, and Schneider dropped more than 4%.

WTI crude oil prices fell by 2.7% to $67.3 per barrel on Friday amid reports that OPEC and its allies may soon agree to raise output. Market sentiment also deteriorated following newly signed tariffs by President Trump on imports from dozens of countries, including Canada, India, and Taiwan, which will take effect on August 7.

Silver hovered around $37 per ounce on Monday after rising nearly 1% in the previous session, supported by rising expectations of a Fed rate cut following the weak July jobs report. A falling dollar and lower Treasury yields further boosted silver’s appeal.

Asian markets mostly declined last week. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) dropped by 1.73%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) fell by 2.19%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) declined by 3.74%, while Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) posted a slight weekly loss of 0.06%.

On Monday, the offshore yuan held its recent gains at 7.19 per USD after the People’s Bank of China announced the formation of a new committee on macroprudential and financial stability. The central bank reaffirmed its accommodative stance, pledging to manage key financial risks and maintain ample liquidity in H2 with an “appropriately loose” monetary policy. Lending to strategic sectors such as technology and green development has surged, reflecting policy priorities. Meanwhile, investors are watching the key October policy plenum, where officials are expected to present countermeasures to persistent deflationary pressure, excess industrial capacity, and the ongoing real estate downturn. Recent signals from the Politburo point to more stimulus through bond issuance and demand-boosting measures.