InvestMacro

The US stock indices did not trade yesterday due to a bank holiday.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) strengthened above 1.39 against the US dollar. The currency was supported by a weakening US dollar and a mixed but overall moderately positive interpretation of the latest Canadian inflation data. The headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) unexpectedly rose to 2.4% in December, exceeding market expectations and coming in slightly above the Bank of Canada’s (BoC) short-term projections, which had anticipated inflation fluctuations near the 2% target. At the same time, median core inflation fell to a yearly low of 2.5%, indicating a partial easing of underlying price pressures. However, the combination of higher headline inflation and persistent demand reinforced the case for a more cautious approach by the Bank of Canada regarding the timing and pace of potential interest rate cuts.

European equity markets mostly declined on Monday. The German DAX (DE40) dropped by 1.34%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 1.78%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) fell by 0.26%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed at negative 0.39%. The DAX (DE40) slid to its lowest level since January 6, amid deteriorating sentiment in European markets due to the threat of renewed trade tensions between the US and the EU. The US President Donald Trump announced intentions to impose 10% tariffs starting February 1 on all imports from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, and Finland, warning that the rate could be increased to 25% in the absence of an agreement on the “full and final purchase of Greenland.” These statements heightened investor fears of trade escalation, especially following reports that the European Union is considering retaliatory measures, including tariffs on US goods worth up to 93 billion euros or restricting US companies’ access to the European market. Against this backdrop, automaker stocks plummeted: shares of BMW, Volkswagen, Daimler Truck, Porsche, and Mercedes-Benz lost up to 3.7%, reflecting the sector’s vulnerability to trade barriers.

The Swiss franc (CHF) strengthened to around 0.798 per US dollar, holding near 2011 highs as escalating geopolitical rhetoric from the US boosted demand for safe-haven assets. The rally was triggered by President Donald Trump’s statements regarding the intent to impose new tariffs on European goods over the Greenland dispute, which increased global market nervousness and supported haven currencies. Investors are also focused on the upcoming World Economic Forum in Davos, starting January 20. Key global central bankers, including Swiss National Bank Chairman Martin Schlegel, are expected to speak. Markets continue to operate on the assumption that the SNB will maintain its key interest rate at 0% for the foreseeable future.

On Tuesday, silver (XAG) traded near $94.5 per ounce, remaining at record-high levels amid rising demand for safe-haven assets due to escalating tensions between the US and Europe. Additional volatility in the silver market in recent sessions was driven by the Trump administration’s decision to forgo tariffs on essential minerals, including silver, which was added to the US critical minerals list last year due to its key role in green energy technology and electronics.
Platinum prices (XPT) declined to approximately $2,340 per ounce but remained near record levels amid increased demand for precious metals as haven assets due to the worsening tensions between the US and Europe. Analysts note that Europe holds approximately $10 trillion in US bonds and stocks, part of which is held in sovereign wealth funds and could potentially be used as leverage in the new trade confrontation. Additional volatility in the platinum market in recent sessions came from Trump’s decision to temporarily hold off on tariffs for key minerals, including platinum, instead instructing the administration to seek alternative suppliers among international trade partners.

The US natural gas prices jumped more than 17% to $3.65 per MMBtu, sharply rebounding from a 13-week low of $3.10 recorded last week. The surge was driven by an intensifying Arctic cold wave sweeping across much of the country. A sudden shift from mild weather prognoses to a scenario of severe and prolonged cold triggered a rapid market re-evaluation as traders began pricing in significantly higher heating fuel demand.

Asian markets declined yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 0.65%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) dropped 1.13%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) shed 1.05%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) posted a negative result of 0.33%.

On Tuesday, the offshore yuan stabilized near the 6.96 level per dollar, remaining close to a 32-month high following the Chinese central bank’s decision to leave loan prime rates unchanged. The People’s Bank of China (PBoC) kept the one-year and five-year benchmark rates at 3.0% and 3.5%, respectively, extending the period of policy stability to eight months and confirming a course of targeted economic support rather than broad-based monetary easing.

On Friday, US stock markets generally ended the session without a clear direction amid mixed geopolitical signals, uncertainty surrounding future Federal Reserve policy, and the start of the fourth-quarter earnings season. By Friday’s close, the Dow Jones (US30) declined by 0.17% (-0.28% for the week). The S&P 500 (US500) shed 0.06% (-0.06% for the week). The tech-heavy Nasdaq (US100) closed 0.07% lower (-0.34% for the week). Investors also assessed political news: President Donald Trump signaled that he might keep economic advisor Kevin Hassett in his current role rather than nominating him as Fed Chair, fueling speculation that former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh could be the frontrunner for the position.

Equity markets in Europe mostly fell on Friday. Germany’s DAX (DE40) fell by 0.22% (+0.19% for the week), France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.65% (-1.00% for the week), Spain’s IBEX 35 (ES35) gained 0.39% (+0.94% for the week), and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed at negative 0.04% (+1.09% for the week). Attention was also on macroeconomic data: German inflation in December 2025 was confirmed at 1.8%, dropping from 2.3% in November and falling below the ECB’s 2% target for the first time since September 2024.

European stock markets opened sharply lower on Monday following the escalation of trade risks after US President Donald Trump’s statements regarding potential new tariffs on goods from eight European countries. The measure is viewed as a leverage tool to pressure these nations into supporting the Greenland acquisition plan. According to Trump, NATO allies opposing the plan, including Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, the UK, France, and the Netherlands, could face 10% tariffs as early as February 1, rising to 25% in June if no agreement is reached. In response, European leaders have begun discussing potential countermeasures, including reviving last year’s initiatives to impose tariffs on American goods, while French President Emmanuel Macron reportedly called for the activation of the EU’s anti-coercion instrument.

On Friday, silver (XAG) fell by more than 4%, dropping below $88.7 per ounce, continuing a sharp decline following high volatility in the previous session as the US decision to refrain from imposing tariffs on critical minerals removed a key market driver. Earlier in the week, threats of potential US import tariffs triggered a rapid rally in commodities: silver and other metals hit record levels as traders rushed to direct shipments to the US before potential restrictions took effect.
WTI crude oil prices traded near $59.3 per barrel on Monday following a fourth consecutive week of gains, as the market entered a consolidation phase amid easing geopolitical tensions surrounding Iran. Supply disruption concerns moderated after US President Donald Trump suggested a potential delay in military action last week, following Tehran’s pledge to halt the execution of protesters. However, renewed trade conflict risks remain a significant source of uncertainty for global energy demand. Over the weekend, the US President announced plans to impose 10% tariffs on goods from eight European countries effective February 1, with the potential to increase the rate to 25% by June, absent an agreement on the “purchase of Greenland.” These developments have intensified fears of a global economic slowdown and subsequent downward pressure on oil demand.

Asian markets traded with mixed results last week. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) rose by 5.00%, the FTSE China A50 (CHA50) fell by 1.54%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) gained 1.77%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) showed a 5-day positive result of 1.95%.

On Monday, the offshore yuan strengthened to approximately 6.96 per dollar, reaching a 32-month high supported by the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), which set its strongest daily fixing in over two years. This factor outweighed mixed economic data: China’s Q4 GDP growth slowed to 4.5% from 4.8% in Q3, the weakest pace in nearly three years, yet still exceeded market expectations of 4.4%. For the full year, the economy grew by 5%, meeting the government’s target and matching 2024 growth rates, largely due to a record trade surplus as robust exports to non-US markets offset pressure from American tariffs. Meanwhile, December statistics pointed to weakening domestic consumption and an accelerating decline in investment, while industrial production showed improvement.

The US stocks rose firmly on Thursday, driven by a sharp improvement in sentiment within the technology sector and a generally positive flow of macroeconomic data. At the close of Thursday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) gained 0.60%. The S&P 500 (US500) rose by 0.26%. The technology-heavy Nasdaq (US100) finished higher by 0.26%. The key market driver was the earnings report from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), which bolstered investor confidence in the long-term AI-related investment cycle. The company reported a 35% increase in fourth-quarter profit and provided a more optimistic revenue prognosis than expected. This triggered a broad rally in semiconductor stocks and related equipment manufacturers, restoring risk appetite across the entire tech sector.

In geopolitics, the tone became less strained following a softening of US President Donald Trump’s rhetoric regarding Iran. However, uncertainty persists due to his statements regarding Greenland.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) weakened to 1.39 against the US dollar, remaining in a tight range near early December lows, as a strengthening US dollar and falling oil prices outweighed relatively stable domestic factors. The easing of President Trump’s rhetoric on Iran led to a reduction in the geopolitical premium in oil, putting pressure on commodity prices and weakening CAD support from trade conditions. Domestically, pressure on the currency persists due to a sluggish labor market: the unemployment rate remains around 6.8%, anchoring the Bank of Canada’s neutral stance and limiting the potential for policy tightening to support the currency.

The Mexican peso (MXN) strengthened to 17.65 per US dollar, its highest level since July 2024, thanks to a renewed influx of capital through carry-trade operations, driven by Mexico’s persistently high real interest rates. Banxico slowed its rate-cutting cycle, holding the benchmark rate at 7% and signaling the need for caution amid persistent core inflation. This maintains one of the widest real yield differentials in emerging markets, supporting capital inflows into peso-denominated fixed-income assets.

European equity markets traded without a unified trend on Thursday. The German DAX (DE40) rose by 0.26%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.21%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) fell by 0.30%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) finished up 0.54%. Investors reacted positively to a combination of encouraging macroeconomic data and corporate news while accounting for the geopolitical backdrop. The market was supported by fresh data indicating that the German economy returned to moderate growth in 2025, expanding by 0.2% after two years of decline. Additional momentum came from the technology sector amid renewed AI optimism following TSMC’s record results, which improved sentiment in the high-tech and industrial segments.

WTI crude oil prices collapsed nearly 5% on Thursday to $59 per barrel, marking the sharpest one-day drop since October as geopolitical risks surrounding Iran receded. The primary trigger was US President Donald Trump’s statement that he had received assurances from the Iranian side regarding the cessation of protester killings. This dampened expectations of immediate US military intervention and sharply reduced fears of disruptions to Iranian production and strategic supply routes. Additionally, Trump noted his belief that Venezuela should remain in OPEC, which markets interpreted as a signal to maintain the status quo on supply rather than pursue sharp cuts.

Asian markets traded without a unified trend yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 0.42%, the Chinese FTSE China A50 (CHA50) dropped 0.51%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) shed 0.28%, while the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) posted a positive result of 0.47%.

The New Zealand dollar (NZD) strengthened to the 0.575 level on Friday and is heading for a weekly gain following a series of positive signals from the real sector. The BusinessNZ Performance of Manufacturing Index (PMI) rose for the sixth consecutive month in December, accelerating to its highest levels in four years. The market has ramped up expectations for policy tightening later this year: the probability of a rate hike in September is estimated at approximately 57%, with such a move almost fully priced in by October. Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand’s (RBNZ) February meeting is still perceived as a non-event, with the rate expected to remain at 2.25%.

The Malaysian economy’s growth, according to preliminary estimates, accelerated to 5.7% year-on-year in Q4 2025, compared to 5.2% in the previous quarter, marking the fastest pace since Q2 2024. The key driver was a recovery in the industrial sector. On a quarterly basis, GDP increased by 3.0% following an upwardly revised 5.4% jump in Q3 – the highest since late 2021. For the full year 2025, the economy grew by 4.9%, slowing only slightly from 5.1% the previous year.