The US Federal Reserve cut rates by 0.25% but signaled a more hawkish approach next year.

At Wednesday’s close, the Dow Jones Index (US30) was down 2.58%. The S&P 500 Index (US500) fell by 2.95%. The Nasdaq Technology Index (US100) lost 3.60%. The US stocks fell on Wednesday as the Federal Reserve cut interest rates by 25 bps but signaled fewer cuts than previous estimates for next year, triggering a market sell-off. A widely expected Fed rate cut to the target range of 4.25%–4.5% was overshadowed by an estimate that the rate would be cut by just two points in 2025, down from the four previously expected, dampening investor sentiment. As the Central Bank lowered its unemployment prognosis and raised expectations for core inflation and economic growth, Treasury yields rose sharply, putting additional pressure on stock prices. The odds of pausing rate cuts in January rose to 88%, up from 80% before the FOMC decision. The US dollar strengthened, with the biggest gains against the Australian dollar, euro, British pound, and yen.

Equity markets in Europe were mostly up on Wednesday. The German DAX (DE40) was down 0.02%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed up 0.26%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) added 0.26%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed up 0.05%. The Eurozone’s annualized inflation rate for November 2024 rose to 2.2% from 2% in October but below the 2.3% preliminary estimate. The increase towards the end of the year was expected mainly due to base effects, as last year’s sharp decline in energy prices is no longer factored into the annualized rate. Annual core inflation was confirmed at 2.7%, which aligns with the forward data. The UK’s annual core inflation rate rose to 3.5% in November 2024, up from 3.3% in the previous month, the highest since August. However, the figure was slightly below market estimates of 3.6%. The annualized services CPI remained unchanged at 5.0%.

In the oil market, data from the EIA showed that US crude oil inventories fell by nearly 1 million barrels in the second week of December, extending a 1.4 million barrel decline from the previous week. In addition, according to the same report, the US oil exports rose to 1.8 million barrels, the highest since July. In turn, other reports indicated that Kazakhstan intends to honor the lengthy oil production cuts mandated by OPEC+ for next year, abandoning previous signals that it would increase output to an initial level of 190,000 barrels per day. This added to the signal that other members of the organization, notably the UAE, were sticking to extending the production cuts.

Asian markets traded flat yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) lost 0.72%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) added 1.06%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) increased by 0.83%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) was negative 0.06%.

New Zealand’s economy contracted by 1% in September 2024, which was worse than the 0.4% contraction expected by the market. This is the second consecutive quarter of contraction and the sharpest contraction since September 2021. On an annualized basis, GDP fell by 1.5% after 0.5% contraction in the second quarter. The New Zealand dollar hit a two-year low on the back of this data, as well as a rise in the Dollar Index.

The Australian dollar fell to its lowest level in more than two years, after a hawkish rate cut by the US Federal Reserve, which strengthened the dollar. Further pressure came from weak economic data from China and the risk of renewed US tariffs under a possible Trump administration, given Australia’s close trade ties with China. Domestically, concerns over slowing economic activity persist, with Australian Consumer Confidence declining and markets raising expectations for the Reserve Bank of Australia’s (RBA) first rate cut amid growing signs of economic weakness.

Bank Indonesia kept its benchmark interest rate at 6% at its December 2024 meeting, in line with market expectations. The decision reflects the Central Bank’s desire to keep inflation under control within the target range of 2.5%, plus-minus 1%, for 2024 and 2025, as well as stabilize the rupiah exchange rate amid heightened global uncertainty. Indonesia’s annual inflation rate fell to 1.55% in November 2024 from 1.71% in the previous month, the lowest since July 2021, and remained within the target range.

The Bank of Thailand kept its key interest rate unchanged at 2.25% at its final meeting in 2024 after an unexpected 25 bps cut in October, as expected. The decision was made against the backdrop of accelerating inflation and GDP growth and maintaining long-term macro-financial stability. Inflation remained below the Central Bank’s target for most of this year, but rose to a six-month high of 0.95% in November, nearing the lower end of the 1–3% target range.