Archive for Economics & Fundamentals

The Bank of Canada and the FOMC kept interest rates unchanged

By JustMarkets

On Wednesday, the US stock indices closed in the red. By the end of the day, the Dow Jones Index (US30) fell by 1.63%. The S&P 500 Index (US500) declined by 1.36%. The Technology Index NASDAQ (US100) closed lower by 1.46%. The FOMC’s decision to keep interest rates in the 3.5-3.75% range was accompanied by a “hawkish” comment about serious pro‑inflationary risks caused by the war in Iran and the threat of new tariffs. The regulator’s concerns were confirmed by the aggressively high industrial inflation (PPI) figure published earlier the same day, which led most committee members to rule out the possibility of rate cuts this year. Investors reacted by pushing Treasury yields higher, which put pressure on all market sectors. The worst performance came from the financial sector and consumer staples: payment system giants Visa and Mastercard plunged 3.1% and 3.7%, respectively, while retailers Walmart and B&G lost more than 2.5% amid fears of declining consumer purchasing power due to high energy costs.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) fell to 1.37 per US dollar, reaching its lowest level in the past two months. In March, the BoC predictably kept its key rate unchanged, synchronizing its actions with the US Fed’s “hawkish pause.” The regulator emphasized that the war with Iran creates two‑sided risks: on one hand, it triggers an inflationary shock through fuel prices; on the other, it threatens to slow global economic growth. With the Strait of Hormuz paralyzed, the Canadian dollar remains in a unique “safe haven” position among commodity currencies, but its further recovery toward 1.35 will depend directly on whether the commodity factor outweighs Washington’s tight monetary policy in the coming weeks.

European markets showed a decline. Germany’s DAX (DE40) fell by 0.96%, France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed slightly higher at 0.06%, Spain’s IBEX 35 (ES35) rose by 0.29%, and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed down 0.94%. The main pressure factor was another spike in natural gas prices caused by the escalation in the Persian Gulf. Given that the Fed has already confirmed its “hawkish” stance, tomorrow’s meetings of European regulators will be a moment of truth: will they acknowledge the inevitability of a prolonged period of high rates due to the energy crisis, or will they attempt to soften their rhetoric to support fading economic growth?

Silver prices (XAG) fell to $76.9 per ounce, pressured by the Fed’s updated expectations. The FOMC’s decision to keep rates unchanged and project only one rate cut this year sharply increased the alternative cost of holding the metal. Investors were particularly alarmed by the upward revision of the core PCE inflation prediction: the regulator made it clear that it is prepared to stick to a “higher for longer” policy to contain the consequences of the structural energy shock caused by the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz and strikes on Iranian oil fields.

WTI crude oil showed a sharp intraday reversal, rising above $97.3 per barrel amid a critical escalation in the Persian Gulf. Reports of strikes on Iran’s gas giant South Pars and the death of Iran’s intelligence minister Esmail Khatib outweighed all attempts by Washington to stabilize the market, including the temporary suspension of the Jones Act and a 6.2‑million‑barrel increase in US commercial crude inventories. Even the Fed’s “hawkish” decision to keep rates in the 3.5-3.75% range only briefly cooled the bulls, as the effective blockade of the Strait of Hormuz created a structural deficit that cannot be quickly offset by strategic reserves or increased domestic refining.

Asian markets mostly rose yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) gained 2.87%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) jumped 0.14%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) rose by 0.61%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) posted a positive result of 0.31%.

On Thursday, the Australian dollar (AUD) showed a corrective rise to 0.704 per US dollar, recovering part of its losses after yesterday’s decline. The fresh labor market report presented investors with a mixed but generally constructive picture: an explosive increase in employment by 48,900 (vs. the prognosis of 20,000) confirmed the economy’s strong resilience, but an unexpected rise in the unemployment rate to 4.3% slightly cooled the hawks’ enthusiasm. Nevertheless, the RBA still considers the labor market historically strong, leaving the door open for further policy tightening.

The New Zealand dollar (NZD) exhibited volatility. Investors faced conflicting signals: extremely weak GDP data for the December quarter (growth of only 0.2% vs. the expected 0.4%) point to economic fragility, while inflationary risks due to the war in Iran are forcing the market to revise rate anticipation. Although annual GDP growth reached 1.3%, it fell short of the target 1.7%, confirming that domestic consumption in New Zealand remains subdued.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,624.70 −91.39 (−1.36%)

Dow Jones (US30) 46,225.15 −768.11 (−1.63%)

DAX (DE40) 23,502.25 −228.67 (−0.96%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 10,305.29 −98.31 (−0.94%)

USD Index 100.26 +0.68% (+0.68%)

News feed for: 2026.03.19

  • Australia Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 02:30 (GMT+2); – AUD (MED)
  • Japan BoJ Policy Rate at 05:00 (GMT+2); – JPY (HIGH)
  • Japan BoJ Press Conference at 06:30 (GMT+2); – JPY (HIGH)
  • Switzerland Trade Balance (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – CHF (LOW)
  • UK Claimant Count Change (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (MED)
  • UK Average Earnings Index (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (MED)
  • UK Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (MED)
  • Sweden Riksbank Rate Decision at 10:30 (GMT+2); – SEK (HIGH)
  • Switzerland SNB Policy Rate at 10:30 (GMT+2); – CHF (HIGH)
  • Switzerland SNB Press Conference at 11:00 (GMT+2); – CHF (HIGH)
  • UK BoE Official Bank Rate at 14:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (HIGH)
  • UK BoE Press Conference at 14:30 (GMT+2); – GBP (HIGH)
  • US Initial Jobless Claims (w/w) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • Eurozone ECB Interest Rate Decision at 15:15 (GMT+2); – EUR (HIGH)
  • Eurozone ECB Press Conference at 15:45 (GMT+2); – EUR (HIGH)
  • US New Home Sales (m/m) at 16:00 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • US Natural Gas Reserves (w/w) at 16:30 (GMT+2); – XNG (HIGH)
  • New Zealand Trade Balance (q/q) at 23:45 (GMT+2). – NZD (MED)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

Oil prices are holding around 95 dollars per barrel. Bank Indonesia kept its key rate unchanged

By JustMarkets 

On Tuesday, the US stock indices closed in the green zone, continuing to recover after falling to four‑month lows. By the end of the day, the Dow Jones Index (US30) rose by 0.10%. The S&P 500 Index (US500) gained 0.25%. The Technology Index Nasdaq (US100) closed higher by 0.47%. Investors remain optimistic, believing that the energy shock in the Persian Gulf will not turn into prolonged stagflation, despite ongoing strikes on Iranian infrastructure. The main driver of the day was the asset‑management sector: shares of KKR, Blackstone, and BlackRock jumped by 3-5% amid a reassessment of default risks in the technology sector, which restored confidence in major private lenders.

The upcoming FOMC meeting promises to become a true turning point for the market, as it takes place against the backdrop of an important leadership change at the Federal Reserve and escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. Leading investment banks expect the benchmark rate to remain unchanged in the current range of 3.50-3.75%. However, all attention will be focused on the updated “dot plot” prognosis. Given that core inflation remains around 3% and uncertainty persists regarding the end of Jerome Powell’s term, the Fed will likely take a “hawkish pause,” signaling its readiness to keep rates high for longer than markets expected at the beginning of the year.

On Monday, European markets showed a confident rebound. Germany’s DAX (DE40) rose by 0.71%, France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed up 0.49%, Spain’s IBEX 35 (ES35) gained 0.93%, and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed positive 0.83%.
On Tuesday, WTI oil prices rose by more than 2%, climbing to 96 dollars per barrel and partially recovering the previous day’s decline. The market reacted instantly to a new wave of escalation: reports of Israel eliminating high‑ranking Iranian security officials were accompanied by massive Tehran attacks on the energy infrastructure of US allies. The shutdown of the “Shah” gas giant in the UAE, strikes on Iraqi fields, and renewed blockades of terminals in Fujairah intensified fears that supply shortages will become chronic as the war enters its third and most destructive phase. Despite the start of commodity interventions from US strategic reserves, the overall supply picture remains critical: the Strait of Hormuz is effectively paralyzed, and oil prices have surged more than 40% since the beginning of the conflict.

Asian markets also rose mostly yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 0.09%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) jumped by 0.04%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) gained 0.13%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) posted a positive result of 0.36%. The internal driver was strong macroeconomic data from China for the first two months of the year: industrial production grew by 6.3%, and retail sales by 2.8%, exceeding analysts’ prognoses and supporting the real estate and financial sectors.

On Wednesday, the Australian dollar (AUD) consolidated above 0.701 per US dollar, holding near multi‑year highs. A direct warning from Michele Bullock that current policy may still be insufficiently tight to suppress inflation forced markets to price in another rate hike in May and a high probability of an additional move in August. Against the backdrop of domestic monetary tightening, the Australian dollar also benefits from its role as a “commodity currency” during an energy crisis. Intensifying Iranian attacks on regional oil infrastructure and the refusal of US allies to support Donald Trump’s call for military convoy protection of ships are keeping commodity prices high, which traditionally benefits Australia’s economy.

At its March 2026 meeting, Bank Indonesia (BI) kept the key interest rate at 4.75%, fully in line with analysts’ expectations. The regulator found itself in a difficult position: on one hand, the economy is showing impressive growth (GDP in Q4 2025 accelerated to 5.39%), while on the other, inflation in February made a sharp jump to 4.76%, exceeding the upper boundary of the target range (2.5% ±1%). Despite current volatility and the global energy shock, the central bank maintains optimistic GDP growth projections for 2026 in the range of 4.9-5.7%. In the coming months, market attention will focus on whether Bank Indonesia will take additional steps to intervene in support of the rupiah if the psychological level of 17,000 per dollar is breached.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,716.09 +16.71 (+0.25%)

Dow Jones (US30) 46,993.26 +46.85 (+0.10%)

DAX (DE40) 23,730.92 +166.91 (+0.71%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 23,730.92 +166.91 (+0.71%)

USD Index 99.57 -0.15% (-0.15%)

News feed for: 2026.03.18

  • Japan Trade Balance (m/m) at 01:50 (GMT+2); – JPY (LOW)
  • Eurozone Consumer Price Index (m/m) at 12:00 (GMT+2); – EUR (MED)
  • US Producer Price Index (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • Canada BoC Interest Rate Decision at 15:45 (GMT+2); – CAD (HIGH)
  • Canada BoC Press Conference at 16:30 (GMT+2); – CAD (HIGH)
  • US Crude Oil Reserves (w/w) at 16:30 (GMT+2); – WTI (HIGH)
  • US FOMC Federal Funds Rate at 20:00 (GMT+2); – USD, XAU (HIGH)
  • US FOMC Statement at 20:00 (GMT+2); – USD, XAU (HIGH)
  • US FOMC Economic Projections at 20:00 (GMT+2); – USD, XAU (HIGH)
  • US FOMC Press Conference at 20:30 (GMT+2); – USD, XAU (HIGH)
  • New Zealand GDP (m/m) at 23:45 (GMT+2). – NZD (MED)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

The RBA raised the rate to 4.1% amid a surge in fuel prices. The Canadian dollar strengthened following the inflation data release

By JustMarkets 

On Monday, the US equity markets closed higher. By the end of the session, the Dow Jones Index (US30) gained 0.83%. The S&P 500 Index (US500) rose by 1.01%. The tech‑heavy NASDAQ (US100) finished up 1.13%. The main catalyst for optimism was a sharp decline in WTI crude prices to 93.5 dollars per barrel after the successful passage of the first tankers through the Strait of Hormuz, easing fears of long‑term stagflation. Lower energy pressure allowed 10‑year Treasury yields to fall to 4.22%, restoring investor interest in the technology and banking sectors. Despite the positive sentiment, trading volumes remained moderate as the market stayed cautious ahead of the upcoming Fed meeting and further news on the formation of an international maritime coalition in the Persian Gulf.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) is showing a confident recovery, rising above 1.37 per US dollar following encouraging inflation data. In February 2026, Canada’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) slowed to 1.8% year‑over‑year, below expectations (1.9%) and returning the indicator to the Bank of Canada’s target range. The transportation and housing sectors contributed most to the disinflationary trend, while core inflation metrics fell to four‑year lows, giving the regulator more room for maneuver amid a recent sharp drop in employment by 84,000 and a rise in unemployment to 6.7%. Ahead of the March 18 rate decision, markets are pricing in nearly a 100% probability that the BoC will keep its policy rate unchanged at 2.25%, though the sharp slowdown in inflation is prompting investors to reassess the timing of potential future easing.

The Mexican peso strengthened to 17.7 per US dollar, becoming one of the beneficiaries of the localized de‑escalation in the Middle East. The decline in geopolitical risk premium followed statements from key US allies, including Japan and Australia, expressing reluctance to enter the active phase of the maritime coalition. This reduced demand for the US dollar as a safe‑haven asset, allowing emerging‑market currencies to recover part of their losses amid a general decline in Treasury yields. With inflation accelerating, the market has fully priced out the possibility of a rate cut at the Bank of Mexico’s March 26 meeting. Keeping the rate at 7.00%, while the Fed is expected to ease or pause, supports the attractiveness of carry‑trade strategies.

European markets posted a solid rebound, breaking a three‑day losing streak. Germany’s DAX (DE40) rose by 0.50%, France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed up 0.31%, Spain’s IBEX 35 (ES35) gained 0.18%, and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) ended up 0.55%. Investors welcomed news that Indian LNG tankers successfully passed through the Strait of Hormuz. The event was interpreted as a sign of Tehran’s willingness to allow selective diplomatic exemptions from the blockade, slightly reducing the risk premium in oil prices and easing inflation concerns in Europe.

In the financial sector, the main story was UniCredit’s aggressive 35‑billion‑euro bid to acquire Germany’s Commerzbank. Despite immediate resistance from the German government, which holds a stake in the bank, Commerzbank shares surged 8.5%, while UniCredit added 0.5%, raising its stake in the German asset to 26%. Other heavyweights also supported the positive momentum: insurance giant Allianz and Deutsche Bank gained 1.5% amid bond‑market stabilization.
WTI crude prices fell more than 3%, settling at 95.3 dollars per barrel. The decline interrupted a powerful three‑day rally during which prices had surged 17.4%. The correction was triggered by early signs of partial restoration of shipping activity in the Strait of Hormuz: over the weekend, the Pakistani tanker and two LNG carriers successfully passed through the high‑risk zone. Reports that the US allowed transit for Iranian tankers and that India is negotiating passage for six more vessels gave the market hope that a full blockade may be avoided. Nevertheless, the situation remains critical, marked by the largest supply disruption in history: exports through the strait have fallen from a pre‑war 20 million barrels per day to just a few million. A new drone attack on the port of Fujairah in the UAE again halted Murban crude shipments, while ongoing Iranian strikes on Gulf infrastructure forced airlines to suspend flights to Dubai.

Silver prices stabilized around 80 dollars per ounce, reacting to the local easing in the energy market. The decline in WTI crude to 95 dollars per barrel and the successful passage of several tankers through the Strait of Hormuz reduced inflation fears, prompting speculative capital to exit precious metals. Additional pressure comes from expectations of a hawkish Fed decision this week: maintaining high interest rates increases the opportunity cost of holding metals, pushing investors toward the dollar and bonds amid falling yields.

Asian markets also traded without a unified direction. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 0.13%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) jumped with 0.76%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) rose by 1.45%, while Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) closed down 0.39%.

The Australian dollar (AUD) strengthened to 0.71 per US dollar following the RBA hawkish decision. The regulator raised the cash rate by 25 basis points to 4.1%, marking a second consecutive hike and underscoring Michelle Bullock’s determination to combat inflationary pressures driven by the Middle East conflict and the spike in fuel prices. The move fully offset a significant portion of last year’s easing cycle, returning borrowing costs to levels last seen more than a year ago. The “aussie” is also supported by persistent labor‑market tightness and the RBA leadership’s hawkish stance, which leaves the door open for further tightening in May.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,699.38 +67.19 (+1.01%)

Dow Jones (US30) 46,946.41 +387.94 (+0.83%)

DAX (DE40) 23,564.01 +116.72 (+0.50%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 10,317.69 +56.54 (+0.55%)

USD Index 99.80 -0.56% (-0.56%)

News feed for: 2026.03.17

  • Australia RBA Interest Rate Decision at 05:30 (GMT+2); – AUD (HIGH)
  • Australia RBA Press Conference at 06:30 (GMT+2); – AUD (HIGH)
  • German ZEW Economic Sentiment (m/m) at 12:00 (GMT+2); – EUR (MED)
  • Eurozone ZEW Economic Sentiment (m/m) at 12:00 (GMT+2); – EUR (LOW)
  • US Pending Home Sales (m/m) at 16:00 (GMT+2). – USD (MED)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

Investors begin pricing in prolonged stagflation due to the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz

By JustMarkets

On Friday, trading on the US stock market ended with a decline. The Dow Jones (US30) fell by 0.26% (-0.75% for the week). The S&P 500 (US500) dropped 0.61% (-0.30% for the week). The tech-heavy NASDAQ (US100) closed lower by 0.93% (-0.15% for the week). The US stock market ended the second week of March 2026 in the red, recording its third consecutive week of losses due to a sharp escalation of the military conflict with Iran. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth’s decision to launch massive strikes on Iranian facilities in response to attacks in the Persian Gulf effectively confirmed the war’s transition into a protracted phase, triggering a flight of capital toward the dollar and safe-haven assets. The situation is exacerbated by the unresolved blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which forces investors to price in a global stagflation scenario in which high energy prices coincide with slowing economic growth. The most painful blow fell on the technology sector and companies with high debt loads, sensitive to rising bond yields. Adobe shares plummeted 7.6% following a disappointing prognosis and the sudden resignation of its CEO, which served as a catalyst for a sell-off in the software industry, affecting even market favorites like Palantir and Meta.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) is showing notable weakness, consolidating at the 1.381 level against the US dollar. This decline is driven by a combination of deeply disappointing domestic data and the global dominance of the US currency. The fresh February labor market report for Canada shocked investors: the economy lost 84,000 jobs, and the unemployment rate jumped to 6.7%. The situation was aggravated by a slump in the manufacturing sector, where January sales crashed by 3% (to C$68.7 billion) – the worst result in nine months, confirming a serious cooling of the economy. While the Bank of Canada is expected to maintain its rate at 2.25% at its March 18 meeting to contain inflation, the widening yield gap with US treasuries continues to pull the Canadian currency down.

On Friday, European stock markets closed in the red, recording bond yield growth to their highest levels in 15 years amid the prolonged energy crisis. The German DAX (DE40) fell by 0.60% (+2.00% for the week), the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed up 1.04% (+1.16% for the week), the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) dropped 0.47% (+2.95% for the week), and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed down 1.24% (-5.33% for the week). Investors have begun pricing in a scenario of prolonged stagflation: the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz and the war with Iran continue to drive up energy prices, forcing the ECB to consider the possibility of further rate hikes. The European banking sector also found itself at the center of the sell-off, losing a significant portion of its capitalization due to private credit risks and deteriorating divination for net interest margins. The week’s laggards included Deutsche Bank, which collapsed to a nine-month low, and UniCredit, whose quotes reached levels last seen in late 2024.

On Monday, Platinum quotes (XPT) strengthened at the $2,100 per ounce level, showing resilience amid volatility in the precious metals sector. This positive trend is supported by a chronic supply deficit, which the WPIC predicts will persist for the fourth consecutive year. Although the deficit is expected to narrow slightly to 240,000 ounces in 2026, total above-ground stocks continue to deplete and could fall to critical levels by the end of the year.

WTI crude oil prices consolidated above $99 per barrel, briefly peaking at $102.40. The market is reeling as the conflict enters its third week: after US forces launched massive strikes on military targets on Kharg Island during Operation “Epic Fury,” traders are seriously concerned about the safety of the region’s energy infrastructure. Although the recent strikes targeted only mine and missile warehouses, President Donald Trump explicitly warned that the island’s oil terminals, through which 90% of Iranian exports pass, will be the next target if Tehran does not end the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz.

By mid-March 2026, a turning point emerged in the US gas market: Henry Hub natural gas prices fell below $3.15 per MMBtu, losing about 3% of their value. Despite the ongoing blockade of the Strait of Hormuz and disruptions in Qatari LNG supplies, domestic factors took precedence – expectations of warm spring weather sharply reduced heating demand, and the weekly EIA report showed a storage withdrawal of only 38 billion cubic feet, significantly lower than expected. Fundamental pressure on prices is also exerted by record domestic production, which reached a historic high of 118.5 billion cubic feet per day, allowing the US to compensate for the global market deficit without compromising its own reserves.

Asian markets also partially recovered last week. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) rose by 3.04% over the trading week, the FTSE China A50 (CHA50) jumped at 2.64%, the Hong Kong Hang Seng (HK50) climbed up 1.82%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) showed a positive result of 0.20% over 5 days.
On Monday, the offshore yuan (CNY) showed a weak attempt at stabilization, rising to the 6.901 mark against the US dollar. This slight increase broke last week’s prolonged decline and was the market’s reaction to an unexpectedly strong block of macroeconomic data from the PRC for January-February. Faster-than-prediction growth in industrial production and retail sales, along with a 1.8% rise in fixed-asset investment, created a short-term foundation for the national currency, confirming the resilience of China’s manufacturing sector against external shocks.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,632.19 −40.43 (−0.61%)

Dow Jones (US30) 46,558.47 −119.38 (−0.26%)

DAX (DE40) 23,447.29 −142.36 (−0.60%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 10,261.15 −44.00 (−0.43%)

USD Index 100.50 +0.76% (+0.76%)

News feed for: 2026.03.16

  • China Industrial Production (m/m) at 04:00 (GMT+2); – CHA50, HK50 (MED)
  • China Retail Sales (m/m) at 04:00 (GMT+2); – CHA50, HK50 (MED)
  • China Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 04:00 (GMT+2); – CHA50, HK50 (MED)
  • Canada Consumer Price Index (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – CAD (HIGH)
  • US Industrial Production (m/m) at 15:15 (GMT+2). – USD (MED)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

Iran wants to maintain the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz until the United States closes all its bases in the Middle East

By JustMarkets

On Thursday, the American market was gripped by panic amid a sharp spike in Brent crude above $100 per barrel. By the end of the trading session, the Dow Jones Index (US30) declined by 1.56%. The S&P500 Index (US500) fell by 1.52%. The Nasdaq Technology Index (US100) dropped by 1.78%. The trigger was the harsh statements made by Iran’s new leader, Mojtaba Khamenei, regarding an indefinite blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which completely negated the effect of record commodity interventions by the IEA and forced investors to prepare for a prolonged energy crisis. An additional blow to sentiment was dealt by the financial sector following a 4.1% collapse in Morgan Stanley shares due to a freeze on payments in private credit funds, which intensified fears of a systemic liquidity crisis.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) weakened to the level of 1.365 per US dollar, as the global flight of investors into safe-haven assets outweighed the benefit from the jump in WTI oil prices above $100 per barrel. Domestic pressure on the currency intensified after data showed an increase in Canadian unemployment to 6.8% in February, indicating the labor market’s inability to absorb the influx of new labor. Nevertheless, the Bank of Canada (BoC) is likely to maintain the rate at 2.25% at the meeting on March 18.

The Mexican peso (MXN) weakened to 17.83 per dollar, finding itself under double pressure: the flight of investors into safe-haven assets due to Iran’s threats to block the Strait of Hormuz and an unexpected jump in domestic inflation. In February, Mexico’s annual consumer price figure reached 4.02%, which, for the first time in a long period, took inflation outside the central bank’s target range (3% ±1%) and practically nullified the chances for an interest rate cut at the upcoming March meeting. Despite the fact that rising oil prices traditionally support Mexico’s budget revenues, the peso remains extremely vulnerable to geopolitical risk and potential trade tariffs, forcing the Bank of Mexico to maintain a “hawkish” pause and keep the rate at 7.00% to stabilize the currency.

European stock markets continued their decline amid the harsh statements of Iran’s new leader, Mojtaba Khamenei, who in his first official message called for the closure of US military bases in the region and confirmed the indefinite blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. The German DAX (DE40) decreased by 0.21%, the French CAC 40 (FR 40) closed down by 0.71%, the Spanish IBEX 35 index (ES35) fell by 1.22%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed at a negative 0.47%. Geopolitical tension triggered a sell-off in the banking sector: Deutsche Bank collapsed by 5.4% due to concerns about risks in the 26 billion euro private credit segment and possible legal costs, while Commerzbank shares lost 3.9%. UniCredit and BNP Paribas fell by nearly 4%.

WTI oil futures came close to the $97 per barrel mark, while the North Sea Brent blend settled above $101. The market switched to “war panic” mode after the first official address by Iran’s new supreme leader, Mojtaba Khamenei: he confirmed that the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz is Tehran’s strategic priority and will be maintained until the full withdrawal of American bases from the region. The situation was exacerbated by nighttime attacks by Iranian speedboats (IRGC) on the Marshall Islands-flagged tanker “Safe Sia,” which completely paralyzed maritime logistics in the Persian Gulf. The IEA officially recognized the current crisis as the largest supply disruption in history, estimating the drop in global supply in March at 8-10 million barrels per day. Due to the physical impossibility of exporting oil and the overflowing of storage facilities, Persian Gulf countries began a large-scale shutdown of wells, effectively removing 20% of global trade from the market.

Henry Hub natural gas prices (XNG) broke the $3.2 per million BTU mark, reaching a monthly high amid critical disruptions in global supplies. The shutdown of QatarEnergy plants, which provide 20% of the world’s LNG market, and the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz forced Asian and European consumers to urgently switch to American fuel, leading to a sharp increase in export demand. Despite the global rally, the US domestic market demonstrates restraint: according to the EIA, during the first week of March, inventories decreased by only 28 billion cubic feet, which was less than expectations due to warm weather and record production levels (about 110 billion cubic feet per day). Nevertheless, the close link of the American hub to world prices under the conditions of the Middle East war keeps quotes at a high level, creating the prerequisites for further growth.

Asian markets also followed the general downward trend. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 1.04% during the trading session, the Chinese FTSE China A50 (CHA50) decreased by 0.35%, the Hong Kong Hang Seng (HK50) fell by 0.70%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) showed a negative result of 1.31%.

On Friday, the offshore yuan (CNY) rate fell to 6.88 per dollar, reacting to a new wave of trade pressure from the US. The Trump administration initiated Section 301(b) investigations against China and a number of other countries, accusing them of using forced labor and creating excess production capacity. These measures are seen by the market as an attempt by Washington to restore tariff pressure leverage after the US Supreme Court previously limited the president’s powers to introduce duties through the IEEPA law. The situation is heating up amid preparations for the critically important summit between Xi Jinping and Donald Trump in Beijing, scheduled for the end of March. Despite strong export data from China (growth of 21.8% for January-February), the currency remains extremely sensitive to threats of new 15% tariffs, which could be introduced based on the results of current investigations as early as summer.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,672.62 −103.18 (−1.52%)

Dow Jones (US30) 46,677.85 −739.42 (−1.56%)

DAX (DE40) 23,589.65 −50.38 (−0.21%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 10,305.15 −48.62 (−0.47%)

USD Index 99.75 +0.51% (+0.52%)

News feed for: 2026.03.13

  • UK GDP (q/q) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (MED)
  • UK Industrial Production (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (MED)
  • UK Manufacturing Production (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (LOW)
  • UK Trade Balance (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – GBP (LOW)
  • Eurozone Industrial Production (m/m) at 12:00 (GMT+2); – EUR (LOW)
  • Canada Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – CAD (HIGH)
  • US Core PCE Price Index (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (HIGH)
  • US Durable Goods Orders (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • US Prelim GDP (q/q) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • US JOLTS Job Openings (m/m) at 16:00 (GMT+2); – USD (HIGH)
  • US Michigan Consumer Sentiment (m/m) at 16:00 (GMT+2). – USD (MED)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

Week Ahead: Central Bank Bonanza!

By ForexTime 

  • RBA expected to HIKE interest rates
  • BoC, Fed, BoJ, BoE, ECB, SNB and Riks seen leaving rates unchanged
  • Central banks may express caution conflict-induced inflation shocks 
  • AUD expected to be the most volatile FX vs USD
  • EURUSD, USDJPY & GBPUSD on breakout watch

Growing concerns around conflict-induced inflation shocks may prompt central banks to reassess their policy strategies for 2026.

The Federal Reserve (Fed), European Central Bank (ECB) and Bank of England (BoE), among many others will be under the spotlight in the week ahead.

These high-impact events will be complemented with ongoing geopolitical developments in the Middle East and top-tier data from across the globe:

Monday, 16th March

  • CN50: China retail sales, industrial production
  • USDInd: US Empire State manufacturing, industrial production
  • Nvidia’s GTC – a global AI conference in California

Tuesday, 17th March

  • AUD: RBA rate decision
  • EUR: Germany ZEW survey expectations
  • NZD: New Zealand food prices

Wednesday, 18th March

  • CAD: BoC rate decision
  • EUR: Eurozone CPI
  • ZAR: South Africa CPI, retail sales
  • USInd: Fed rate decision, PPI

Thursday, 19th March

  •  AUD: Australia unemployment
  • JPY: BoJ rate decision
  • EUR: ECB rate decision
  • GBP: BoE rate decision
  • CHF: SNB rate decision
  • SEK: Riksbank rate decision

Friday, 20th March

  • CAD: Canada retail sales
  • CNY: China loan prime rates
  • RUB: Russia rate decision
  • US500: Quadruple witching in US markets

Before we take a deep dive, it’s worth keeping in mind that the ongoing conflict in the Middle East has rocked global sentiment and sparked fears of inflation shocks amid surging oil prices.

This may force central banks to adopt a more hawkish stance – meaning favoring higher rates to combat inflation.

Note: A quick central bank’s cheat sheet of what to expect in the week ahead. (Source Bloomberg)

Here are 8 assets that could be rocked by 8 central bank announcements:

RBA meeting: AUDUSD

Traders are currently pricing a 65% chance that the RBA raises rates at its meeting on Tuesday 17th March.

This will be its second consecutive rate increase due to growing fears of conflict-induced inflation.

Note: The RBA decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.5% up, or as much as 0.3% down in a 6-hour window post-release.

BoC meeting: USDCAD

The Bank of Canada is expected to leave rates unchanged at its meeting on 18th March.

However, any hint of potential rate hikes down the road to combat inflation may support the CAD which has already been boosted by surging oil prices.

Note: The BoC decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.2% up, or as much as 0.5% down in a 6-hour window post-release.

Fed meeting: USDInd

Market expectations have rapidly evaporated over the Fed cutting rates anytime soon with traders pricing a 75% chance of just one Fed cut in 2026.

The dollar is likely to surge further if the Fed strikes a hawkish note during its meeting on 18th March.

Note: The Fed decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.4% up, or as much as 0.3% down in a 6-hour window post-release.

BoJ meeting: USDJPY

As the USDJPY ventures back into danger zones, traders are on high alert for any signs of potential intervention.

No changes are expected to interest rates but any clues about future policy moves may rock the USDJPY.

Note: The BoJ decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.8% up, or as much as 0.1% down in a 6-hour window post-release.

ECB meeting: EURUSD

No changes are expected to interest rates when the ECB meets, but any hints about potential rate hikes in 2026 may boost the euro.

Note: The ECB decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.3% up, or as much as 0.2% down in a 6-hour window post-release.

BoE meeting: GBPUSD

Fears of rising inflation have frightened away BoE doves with hawks likely to dominate the scene when the central bank meets on Thursday 19th March.

Note: The BoE decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.3% up, or as much as 0.3% down in a 6-hour window post-release.

SNB meeting: USDCHF

The Swiss National Bank is expected to leave rates unchanged at its meeting on 19th March.

Note: The SNB decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.5% up, or as much as 0.4% down in a 6-hour window post-release.

Riksbank meeting: USDSEK

Sweden’s Riksbank will also keep rates unchanged, with a rate hike down the road a possibility amid inflation fears.

Note: The Riksbank decision is forecasted to trigger upside moves of as much as 0.4% up, or as much as 0.4% down in a 6-hour window post-release.


 

Forex-Time-LogoArticle by ForexTime

 

ForexTime Ltd (FXTM) is an award winning international online forex broker regulated by CySEC 185/12 www.forextime.com

Oil continues to rise despite record strategic reserve releases by the IEA

By JustMarkets 

On Wednesday, US stock indices closed in the red amid the escalating conflict in the Persian Gulf. By the end of the trading session, the Dow Jones (US30) fell by 0.61%. The S&P 500 (US500) decreased by 0.08%, while the technology-heavy NASDAQ (US100) edged up by 0.03%. The primary trigger for the decline was new reports of tanker attacks near the Strait of Hormuz, which sparked a surge in WTI oil prices to $87 per barrel, despite the IEA’s emergency decision to release a record 400 million barrels from strategic reserves.

Published inflation data (CPI) for February aligned with analysts’ expectations, showing a 2.4% year-on-year increase. Nevertheless, the bond market reacted with rising Treasury yields as traders fear that the March spike in gasoline prices and logistical chaos will make February’s figures a “relic of the past.” The probability that the Fed will refrain from rate cuts throughout 2026 has risen to 19.3%, with the first potential policy easing now shifted to September.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) showed strong appreciation, rising above the 1.36 mark against the US dollar. The main growth driver was the sustained high cost of WTI crude, which consolidated above $87 per barrel during trading, highlighting Canada’s status as the most stable and secure energy supplier for the North American region. The “loonie” received additional support from the contrast between US and Canadian macroeconomic data. While the US labor market showed signs of cooling (an unexpected loss of 92,000 jobs leading to a drop in the Dollar Index), the Canadian economy appears more resilient. Canada’s unemployment rate fell to 6.5% in early 2026, a 16-month low.

European stock markets turned sharply downward, almost entirely erasing the optimism of the previous session. The German DAX (DE40) fell by 1.37%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.19%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) dropped 0.53%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) finished 0.56% lower yesterday. The primary pressure factor was the growing positive correlation between stocks and government bonds: investors sold off both asset classes amid fears that the energy shock would lead to a prolonged period of high inflation, forcing the ECB to hike rates.

The Swiss franc (CHF) traded around 0.78 against the US dollar on Wednesday, continuing to hold near record highs. Its “safe-haven” status ensured a powerful capital inflow for the franc amid the twelfth day of active hostilities in Iran and the de facto blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. Investors are ignoring risky assets in favor of the Swiss currency, viewing it as protection against global uncertainty. However, for the Swiss economy itself, such strength in the national currency is becoming a serious challenge. In response, the SNB moved from words to action: sight deposit data indicate that the regulator has already begun conducting foreign exchange interventions, buying foreign currency to weaken the franc.

On Thursday, the oil market entered a phase of extreme volatility: WTI futures jumped to $95 per barrel, gaining more than 8% in a single session. This rapid rise occurred against the backdrop of dramatic news from Iraq, where authorities were forced to completely suspend operations at oil terminals. The cause was attacks on two tankers in Iraqi territorial waters – the vessels were struck by explosive-laden drone boats and caught fire. This incident clearly confirmed that the risk zone in the Persian Gulf has expanded far beyond the Strait of Hormuz, encompassing the region’s key export hubs. The market’s reaction to the IEA’s decision to release 400 million barrels proved short-lived. Investors quickly concluded that even such massive interventions are merely a “temporary bandage” against the backdrop of a full blockade of the strait and production cuts by leading regional producers who no longer have storage space for oil that cannot be exported. The situation is exacerbated by Iran’s hawkish rhetoric: the republic’s military command openly warned the world of the prospect of $200 per barrel oil if the US and Israel do not cease their strikes.

Asian markets traded with mixed dynamics. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) rose by 1.43% during the session, the FTSE China A50 (CHA50) jumped 0.98%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) fell by 0.24%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) showed a positive result of 0.59% on Wednesday.

On Thursday, a wave of sell-offs swept the Australian stock market: the S&P/ASX 200 Index fell by 1.3%, breaking a two-day recovery period. Investors were spooked by the new round of rising oil prices, which, combined with hawkish rhetoric from RBA officials, made an interest rate hike next week almost inevitable. As a result, the market instantly repriced the odds of a March 17 rate hike: the probability is now estimated at 75% (up from 30% at the start of the week). The country’s largest banks, including CBA, Westpac, and ANZ, simultaneously revised their predictions, expecting rate hikes in March and May to a peak level of 4.35%.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,775.80 −5.68 (−0.084%)

Dow Jones (US30) 47,417.27 −289.24 (−0.61%)

DAX (DE40) 23,640.03 −328.60 (−1.37%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 10,353.77 −58.47 (−0.56%)

USD Index 99.26 +0.43% (+0.44%)

News feed for: 2026.03.12

  • Sweden Inflation Rate (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – SEK (MED)
  • UK BoE Gov Bailey Speech at 11:30 (GMT+2); – GBP (LOW)
  • Canada Trade Balance (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – CAD (LOW)
  • US Trade Balance (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • US Building Permits (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • US Initial Jobless Claims (w/w) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD (MED)
  • US Natural Gas Storage (w/w) at 16:30 (GMT+2). – XNG (HIGH)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

IEA deploys strategic reserves to halt soaring oil prices

By JustMarkets 

On Tuesday, the US stock market concluded the session with a slight decline. The Dow Jones (US30) fell by 0.07%, and the S&P 500 (US500) dropped 0.21%, while the tech-heavy NASDAQ (US100) managed a marginal gain of 0.01%. Investors found themselves in a state of uncertainty: the initial optimism sparked by President Trump’s claims of a swift end to the military operation met a harsh reality following clarifications from the White House. Official confirmation that naval escorts for tankers in the Strait of Hormuz have not yet commenced, combined with reports of a potential Iranian mining threat, forced traders to remain cautious and partially rotate into cash.

Market attention has now shifted entirely to the upcoming inflation data. Traders fear that the recent spike in energy prices has already permeated macroeconomic indicators, prompting the Federal Reserve to maintain a restrictive monetary policy for longer than previously anticipated.

European equity markets mostly trended higher. The German DAX (DE40) surged by 2.39%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed up 1.79%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) jumped to 3.05%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) finished at 1.59% higher. The primary catalyst for the optimism in Frankfurt was Donald Trump’s rhetoric regarding a potential de-escalation in the Middle East, which led to a retreat in oil prices and eased fears of runaway inflation in the Eurozone.

However, the WTI oil market became an arena for intense informational warfare. After a morning slump to $80 per barrel, triggered by Trump’s “peaceful” tweets, quotes rebounded sharply to close near $87. This reversal followed an official statement from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which labeled Washington’s claims of an imminent end to the war as “false,” promising to block regional oil exports until US and Israeli strikes cease entirely. The situation intensified as US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, overseeing Operation “Epic Fury,” called Tuesday the “most intense day of airstrikes” since the conflict began, signaling a phase of systematic destruction of Iran’s industrial and naval infrastructure. The IEA has proposed a record-breaking release of strategic oil reserves; however, the physical blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has led to a collapse in production from major Middle Eastern producers. This creates a supply deficit that reserves cannot fully offset, driving investors toward silver and other metals as a hedge against stagflation.

Asian markets also rebounded yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) rose by 2.88%, the FTSE China A50 (CHA50) jumped 1.06%, the Hang Seng (HK50) climbed 2.17%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) posted a positive result of 1.09%. Drivers for this optimism included strong corporate news and trade statistics from mainland China. China’s trade data for January-February 2026 continues to impress, with exports growing by a record 21.8% and imports by 19.8%. However, these strong figures also breed caution; investors worry that Beijing may view the economy as sufficiently resilient and delay further stimulus measures, especially given the recently announced 4.5-5.0% GDP target – the lowest in decades.

On Wednesday, the Australian dollar (AUD) made an impressive leap to 0.716-0.718 USD, its highest level in nearly four years. This was driven by a sharp revision in interest rate expectations. The market reacted to signals from the RBA: the probability of a rate hike on March 17 skyrocketed from 30% to 75% in just days. RBA Deputy Governor Andrew Hauser confirmed that the spike in fuel prices (with petrol exceeding $2.15 per liter in major cities) poses a significant risk to inflation expectations, which already sit above the 23% target range.

The New Zealand dollar (NZD) stabilized at 0.593-0.594 USD on March 11, 2026, holding weekly highs. This rise reflects a hawkish shift in investor sentiment. While the RBNZ signaled rate stability at 2.25% as recently as February, the March energy shock has forced the market to price in imminent tightening. Leading banks such as Westpac and BNZ have revised their inflation prognosis upward, expecting the CPI to remain within the upper 3.0% target boundary for most of 2026.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,781.48 −14.51 (−0.21%)

Dow Jones (US30) 47,706.51 −34.29 (−0.072%)

DAX (DE40) 23,968.63 +559.26 (2.39%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 10,412.24 +162.72 (+1.59%)

USD Index 98.94 -0.24% (−0.24%)

News feed for: 2026.03.11

  • Japan Producer Price Index (m/m) at 01:50 (GMT+2); – JPY (MED)
  • German Inflation Rate (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – EUR (MED)
  • US Consumer Price Index (m/m) at 14:30 (GMT+2); – USD, XAU (HIGH)
  • US Crude Oil Reserves (w/w) at 16:30 (GMT+2). – WTI (HIGH)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

Mining the ocean floor: 5 deep‑sea sources of critical minerals essential to technology, and the fragile marine life at risk

By Leonardo Macelloni, University of Mississippi 

You may be hearing a lot lately about critical minerals and rare earth elements. These natural materials are essential to industry and modern technology – everything from cellphones to fighter jets.

They include lithium and cobalt used in batteries, neodymium for magnets in motors and hard drives, and rare earths that are essential in defense systems, lasers and medical imaging. Critical minerals are also indispensable for renewable energy systems, energy storage and digital infrastructure. Without them, modern society – and any realistic path to a world with net-zero emissions – would not be possible.

A mechanical claw holds a polymetallic nodule, one of several seafloor sources of critical minerals.
ROV-Team/GEOMAR via Wikimedia, CC BY

Critical minerals get their name because they’re also highly vulnerable to supply chain disruptions from global events, trade tensions or economic instability. And, today, one country dominates many critical mineral supply chains: China.

With that in mind, many governments are looking for alternative sources of critical minerals, and several companies are eyeing the ocean floor as a potential new frontier for mining them.

A map shows seafloor areas being considered for exploration and critical minerals mining. International Seabed Authority

As a marine geologist, I know the potential for seafloor minerals is vast. But that doesn’t mean those minerals are easy to harvest. They come in several forms, from potato-size rocks scattered on the seafloor to seafloor crusts at hydrothermal vents and underwater brine pools. And they are often found in sensitive locations that are home to fragile marine life, raising questions about damage to some of the least explored and least understood parts of our planet.

Polymetallic nodules on the seafloor

When you picture seafloor mining, polymetallic or manganese nodules are probably what come to mind.

Rock-like nodules are about the size of potatoes and are found scattered on vast deep-water plains, typically 3,000 to 6,000 meters deep, in several regions, including a large area of the Pacific Ocean southeast of Hawaii.

They primarily consist of manganese and iron, though they can contain significant amounts of other metals, including valuable nickel, cobalt, copper and small amounts of rare earth elements and platinum.

A seafloor covered with potato-sized nodules sitting on the surface
Polymetallic nodules spotted during a survey of the Blake Plateau, roughly 80 to 200 miles off the southeastern U.S. coast in the Atlantic Ocean.
NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, 2019 Southeastern U.S. Deep-sea Exploration

Nodules form from metals that get into the ocean through erosion or from seafloor hydrothermal vents in volcanically active areas. The metal ions attach to a nucleus, such as a rock or shell fragment. Over time, layers form around that core. The growth is very slow – only a few millimeters in a million years – so larger nodules can be several million years old.

More than 17 exploration licenses exist, primarily in the Pacific’s Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Tests there have involved suctioning nodules from the seafloor to ships above. But, as of early 2026, full-scale, commercial mining has not yet begun.

A map of areas rich in polymetalic modules.
A map shows mining targets in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, southeast of Hawaii. Areas in red have the highest-known abundance of polymetalic nodules.
McQuaid KA, Attrill MJ, Clark MR, Cobley A, Glover AG, Smith CR and Howell KL, 2020, CC BY

Seafloor massive sulfides at hydrothermal vents

Another source of critical minerals is seafloor massive sulfides, which form near hydrothermal vents along oceanic ridges. Volcanic activity reacts with seawater, fueling bursts of marine life at these vents, and also forming rocks rich in copper, gold, zinc, lead, barium and silver.

These hot springs form where water rises through the oceanic crust at high temperatures, up to about 750 degrees Fahrenheit (400 degrees Celsius). The metals contained in these solutions precipitate on contact with the cold, oxygen-rich seawater, forming the ventlike structures known as “black smokers” because they look like factory chimneys.

A pinnacle with red creatures all along its sides and warm water that gives the appearance of smoke.
Tube worms cover a ‘black smoker,’ where warm, mineral-rich water emerges.
Ocean Networks Canada, CC BY-NC-SA

The technology for mining these deposits is currently being built. The first deep-sea tests were performed by Japanese miners in their coastal waters.

Cobalt-rich crusts at seamounts

Ferromanganese crusts are another source. They form on the slopes and summits of underwater mountains known as seamounts and contain manganese, iron and a wide array of trace metals such as cobalt, copper, nickel and platinum.

Over millions of years, metals in the surrounding seawater form coatings of iron and manganese oxides, with thicknesses ranging from a few millimeters to a few decimeters, depending on the age of the seamounts.

An underwater view shows corals and sponges.
Corals and sponges found at Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument.
NOAA

Crust mining is technically much more difficult than nodule mining. Nodules sit on soft sediment. Crusts, in contrast, are attached to substrate rock. For successful crust mining, it would be essential to recover the crusts without collecting too much substrate, which would dilute the ore quality.

However, little is known about the marine life found on seamounts, particularly those in the most likely regions for crust exploration and mining.

Underwater brine pools

Another possible ocean source of lithium and potentially rare earth elements may lie in unusual underwater lakes called hypersaline brine pools. These salty pools are found on the seafloor in several parts of the world, but they are especially common in the Gulf of Mexico.

Brine is already the source of much of the lithium used today. Companies extract it from salty water produced during oil and geothermal operations.

Lithium becomes concentrated in brines over millions of years. As water moves through deep rocks, minerals dissolve along the way and elements like lithium can accumulate.

Extracting lithium from deep-sea brines, if it is confirmed to be there, could be more straightforward than traditional seabed mining. Technologies already exist to separate lithium from salty water.

In the Gulf, this approach could potentially use existing offshore oil and gas infrastructure, reducing the need for new construction. The brine could be pumped up, processed to remove lithium, and then returned to the subsurface.

Deep-sea mud

In the Central Pacific Ocean and off Japan, deep-sea mud enriched with rare earth elements and yttrium has been recognized as another new resource.

These deposits form from the very slow accumulation of fish debris, composed of biogenic calcium phosphate, in the deepest parts of the ocean. In 2026, a Japanese research vessel successfully drilled and retrieved deep-sea sediment containing rare earth minerals from the seabed near the island of Minamitorishima, and the Japanese government announced a deep-sea mud extraction trial would begin in 2027.

The drawbacks for marine life

While these regions likely hold vast resources, scientists know very little about the ecological conditions at the boundary between deep-sea water and seafloor sediments, especially about the microbial communities that live there.

Microorganisms are the most widespread and fundamental forms of life on Earth. They play central roles in ecosystems, nutrient cycles, and the long-term stability of the planet. The potential impacts of mechanically removing nodules from the seafloor – through cutting, scraping or lifting – on these microscopic ecosystems remain largely unknown.

A visualization of deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules. MIT Mechanical Engineering

In the Pacific Ocean, an experimental mining test carried out in 1978 was revisited more than two decades later. Even after 26 years, tracks left by mining vehicles were still visible on the seafloor. The disturbed areas had fewer bottom-dwelling organisms and less diversity compared to nearby undisturbed regions. Notably, no detailed assessment of microbial communities was conducted, leaving a significant gap in understanding.

An illustration shows a potentail. method for mining sufides from the sea floor. A pipe from a ship goes down to equipment at the seafloor.
An example of a sea-floor massive sulfide mining system and its potential environmental impacts.
GRID-Arendal via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-NC-SA

Complicating the issue further, many prospective deep-sea mining areas lie in international waters, beyond the jurisdiction of individual nations.

The International Seabed Authority is responsible for regulating mineral activities in the deep ocean, but there is no global consensus on the rules, safeguards or acceptable risks associated with seabed mining. Some countries, including the United States, are discussing creating their own licenses to mine in international areas, while about 40 others are calling for a mining moratorium until the risks are better understood.

Critical minerals are the invisible foundation of modern life. As interest in deep-sea mining grows, these scientific uncertainties and governance challenges will be central to the debate.The Conversation

About the Author:

Leonardo Macelloni, Director of the Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute and Center for Marine Resources and Environmental Technology, University of Mississippi

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Trump signals de-escalation in the Middle East; China’s trade surplus hits a new record

By JustMarkets

The US stock market concluded Monday’s session with gains. By the end of the trading day, the Dow Jones (US30) rose by 0.50%. The S&P 500 (US500) gained 0.83%, and the tech-heavy NASDAQ (US100) increased by 1.38%. The morning collapse, fueled by fears of stagflation, turned into a rally following statements by Donald Trump that the active phase of the war with Iran is “practically over” and that the Strait of Hormuz is reopening for tankers. This triggered a drop in WTI oil prices to $86 per barrel, removing the short-term threat of an energy collapse. The primary growth driver was the technology sector, where shares of AMD and Broadcom soared over 4.6% amid strong AI chip revenue predictions (Broadcom expects more than $100 billion in 2027). While the banking sector (Wells Fargo, Citigroup) remained under pressure due to private credit default risks, investors actively bought up discounted growth stocks.

On Tuesday, the Mexican peso (MXN) stabilized at 17.8 per dollar, breaking its fall toward seven-week lows. The rebound was sparked by Mexico’s February inflation data, which accelerated to 4.02%, breaching the central bank’s upper target threshold for the first time in a year. Despite local support, the peso remains a hostage to external shocks: the 10% global US tariffs and the war in the Middle East create a toxic backdrop for emerging market currencies. Although expensive oil bolsters Mexico’s budget, the peso’s status as a “proxy” for global risk makes it extremely vulnerable to every new wave of flight to the dollar.

Bitcoin (BTC) recovered the psychological $70,000 mark, gaining about 2% amid a sharp improvement in market sentiment. The upward momentum was provided by Donald Trump’s rhetoric, who described the war with Iran as “practically over” and predicted a swift resolution to the conflict. The digital assets market recovery synchronized with a powerful rally in Asia, where Japan’s Nikkei 225 jumped 2.8% to exceed 54,000 points. Altcoins followed the lead: Ether (ETH) returned to the $2,130 level, while Solana (SOL) stabilized near $91 ahead of the major Alpenglow network update later this month.

European stock markets mostly declined on Monday. The German DAX (DE40) fell by 0.77%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.98%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) lost 0.86%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) finished at 0.34% lower. The primary pressure came from the escalation of US and Israeli strikes on Iranian refineries, which paralyzed the Strait of Hormuz and sparked fears of a new inflationary spiral. Consequently, traders began pricing in ECB rate hikes. The transport and industrial sectors suffered most: Lufthansa shares fell 7.3% due to soaring jet fuel prices, while tire manufacturer Continental fell 4.4%. Automakers (Volkswagen, Porsche) also finished in the red due to global supply chain risks.

Silver (XNG) recouped most of its morning losses, stabilizing at $83.9 per ounce. Earlier in the session, quotes had collapsed nearly 6%, testing key support near $80 due to a sharp strengthening of the dollar and oil prices spiking above $100. The dual nature of the metal, as a safe haven and an industrial commodity, created conflicting flows: while geopolitical tension supported haven demand, the threat of a global recession and reduced industrial consumption (which accounts for 60% of silver demand) exerted powerful downward pressure.

WTI oil prices performed a dizzying turnaround, collapsing nearly 4% by the end of the day to $87 per barrel. This followed an earlier surge to $120 on news of production paralysis in Iraq, Kuwait, and the UAE. The market cooled rapidly thanks to a coordinated statement from G7 Finance Ministers regarding readiness for massive strategic reserve interventions, effectively guaranteeing the replenishment of any short-term supply deficits.

Asian markets were also under a sell-off yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 5.20% during the session, the FTSE China A50 (CHA50) declined 0.47%, the Hang Seng (HK50) shed 1.35%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) closed down at 2.85%.

China’s trade surplus soared to a record $213 billion, with exports growing by 21.8% and imports by 19.8%. These figures significantly exceeded analyst prognosis and confirmed China’s status as a global manufacturing hub capable of scaling volumes even during periods of instability.

The Australian dollar (AUD) corrected to 0.70 against the US dollar on Tuesday, losing about 0.7% following the retreat in oil prices. As a “commodity” currency, the aussie faced pressure as brent fell to $91.37 and WTI to $86. This occurred after Donald Trump announced the military operation against Iran was significantly ahead of schedule, calling it “very complete” and predicting further fuel price declines. Domestic Australian statistics presented a mixed picture: the Westpac Index rose 1.2% to 91.6, while the NAB Business Confidence Index plummeted to 1, its first negative reading since April 2025.

S&P 500 (US500) 6,795.99 +55.97 (+0.83%)

Dow Jones (US30) 47,740.80 +239.25 (+0.50%)

DAX (DE40) 23,409.37 −181.66 (−0.77%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 10,249.52 −35.23 (−0.34%)

USD Index 98.73 -0.25% (−0.26%)

News feed for: 2026.03.10

  • Australia Westpac Consumer Confidence Index (m/m) at 01:30 (GMT+2); – AUD (MED)
  • Japan GDP (q/q) at 01:50 (GMT+2); – JPY (MED)
  • Australia NAB Business Confidence (m/m) at 02:30 (GMT+2); – AUD (LOW)
  • China Trade Balance (m/m) at 05:00 (GMT+2); – CHA50, HK50 (MED)
  • German Trade Balance (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – EUR (LOW)
  • Norway Inflation Rate (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2); – NOK (MED)
  • US Existing Home Sales (m/m) at 16:00 (GMT+2). – USD (MED)

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.