InvestMacro

The US stock markets closed with a sharp decline: the Dow Jones (US30) fell by 1.76%, the S&P 500 (US500) shed 2.06%, and the tech-heavy Nasdaq (US100) closed lower by 2.39%. The sell-off was triggered by mounting trade risks after President Donald Trump threatened to impose new 10% tariffs on goods from eight European countries starting February 1, which could be hiked to 25% by June, due to their opposition to US control over Greenland. These statements undermined expectations for stable cross-border trade and intensified overall market risk aversion. Stocks were further pressured by rising US Treasury yields, while reports of a Danish pension fund’s plans to reduce its holdings in US Treasuries added to investor anxiety.

The heaviest losses were sustained by major tech companies and semiconductor manufacturers: Nvidia (NVDA) shares dropped 4.4%, Broadcom (AVGO) fell by 5.4%, and Oracle (ORCL) slid 5.8%, as investors actively trimmed positions in high-beta stocks.

The Mexican peso (MXN) weakened to around 17.62 per U.S. dollar, snapping its rally toward July 2024 highs, amid renewed geopolitical and trade frictions that triggered a global flight to safety. New US threats of tariffs on European goods boosted demand for safer, more liquid assets, putting pressure on emerging market currencies, including the peso. Nevertheless, fundamental support for the Mexican currency remains due to attractive domestic asset yields and an increasingly cautious stance from the Bank of Mexico. Mexico manages to maintain one of the highest real yield differentials among emerging markets, supporting capital inflows into peso-denominated fixed-income instruments.

European equity markets mostly declined yesterday. The German DAX (DE40) fell by 1.03%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.61%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) dropped 1.34%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed down by 0.67%. The US President Donald Trump ramped up his administration’s efforts to acquire Greenland from Denmark following the imposition of tariffs on key European trading partners, along with a threat to set a 200% tariff on French wines in response to President Emmanuel Macron’s refusal to join Trump’s proposed “Peace Council.” Against this backdrop, banks and insurance companies showed sharp declines, following the global downturn in the financial sector, as rising Japanese government bond yields added pressure to European sovereign debt markets.

WTI crude oil prices rose by more than 1%, climbing toward the $60 per barrel level and recovering from a dip below $59 earlier in the session. The market was supported by reports that Kazakhstan’s largest oil producer temporarily suspended production due to fires at energy facilities. Simultaneously, traders continued to assess the heightened geopolitical tensions between the US and Europe. Ahead of his speech in Davos, President Donald Trump reiterated that the United States must secure control over Greenland. The sharpening rhetoric revived fears of a broader trade conflict between the US and Europe, which could potentially weigh on global economic growth, although the direct impact of these risks on oil prices remains limited for now.
On Tuesday, the US natural gas prices (XNG) surged more than 25% to $3.9 per MMBtu, their highest level in three weeks, as prognoses of a sharp cold snap drove weather-driven price gains. The most severe cold is expected in the final week of January. Meanwhile, gas production remains high, and LNG exports have slightly decreased.

Asian markets declined yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 1.11%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) dropped 0.90%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) shed 0.29%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) posted a negative result of 0.66%.

The Australian dollar (AUD) held near a two-week high on Wednesday as the US currency continued to be weighed down by intensifying geopolitical tensions. Investors are also focused on the upcoming release of Australian labor market data, which could influence monetary policy expectations. Projections point to a recovery in employment for December by approximately 30,000 people following an unexpected contraction in November, while the unemployment rate is expected to rise slightly to 4.4%, in line with Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) estimates. Weaker-than-expected figures would reduce the likelihood of a rate hike in the near term.

The New Zealand dollar (NZD) traded near $0.583, remaining close to a three-week high amid a weakening US dollar caused by renewed trade tensions between the US and the EU. On the domestic front, a series of encouraging macroeconomic data points toward an accelerating economic recovery in New Zealand, bolstering expectations that the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) will begin tightening monetary policy in the second half of the year. While markets are pricing in almost no change for the February meeting, the probability of a rate hike by July already exceeds 50%.

The US stock indices did not trade yesterday due to a bank holiday.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) strengthened above 1.39 against the US dollar. The currency was supported by a weakening US dollar and a mixed but overall moderately positive interpretation of the latest Canadian inflation data. The headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) unexpectedly rose to 2.4% in December, exceeding market expectations and coming in slightly above the Bank of Canada’s (BoC) short-term projections, which had anticipated inflation fluctuations near the 2% target. At the same time, median core inflation fell to a yearly low of 2.5%, indicating a partial easing of underlying price pressures. However, the combination of higher headline inflation and persistent demand reinforced the case for a more cautious approach by the Bank of Canada regarding the timing and pace of potential interest rate cuts.

European equity markets mostly declined on Monday. The German DAX (DE40) dropped by 1.34%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 1.78%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) fell by 0.26%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed at negative 0.39%. The DAX (DE40) slid to its lowest level since January 6, amid deteriorating sentiment in European markets due to the threat of renewed trade tensions between the US and the EU. The US President Donald Trump announced intentions to impose 10% tariffs starting February 1 on all imports from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, and Finland, warning that the rate could be increased to 25% in the absence of an agreement on the “full and final purchase of Greenland.” These statements heightened investor fears of trade escalation, especially following reports that the European Union is considering retaliatory measures, including tariffs on US goods worth up to 93 billion euros or restricting US companies’ access to the European market. Against this backdrop, automaker stocks plummeted: shares of BMW, Volkswagen, Daimler Truck, Porsche, and Mercedes-Benz lost up to 3.7%, reflecting the sector’s vulnerability to trade barriers.

The Swiss franc (CHF) strengthened to around 0.798 per US dollar, holding near 2011 highs as escalating geopolitical rhetoric from the US boosted demand for safe-haven assets. The rally was triggered by President Donald Trump’s statements regarding the intent to impose new tariffs on European goods over the Greenland dispute, which increased global market nervousness and supported haven currencies. Investors are also focused on the upcoming World Economic Forum in Davos, starting January 20. Key global central bankers, including Swiss National Bank Chairman Martin Schlegel, are expected to speak. Markets continue to operate on the assumption that the SNB will maintain its key interest rate at 0% for the foreseeable future.

On Tuesday, silver (XAG) traded near $94.5 per ounce, remaining at record-high levels amid rising demand for safe-haven assets due to escalating tensions between the US and Europe. Additional volatility in the silver market in recent sessions was driven by the Trump administration’s decision to forgo tariffs on essential minerals, including silver, which was added to the US critical minerals list last year due to its key role in green energy technology and electronics.
Platinum prices (XPT) declined to approximately $2,340 per ounce but remained near record levels amid increased demand for precious metals as haven assets due to the worsening tensions between the US and Europe. Analysts note that Europe holds approximately $10 trillion in US bonds and stocks, part of which is held in sovereign wealth funds and could potentially be used as leverage in the new trade confrontation. Additional volatility in the platinum market in recent sessions came from Trump’s decision to temporarily hold off on tariffs for key minerals, including platinum, instead instructing the administration to seek alternative suppliers among international trade partners.

The US natural gas prices jumped more than 17% to $3.65 per MMBtu, sharply rebounding from a 13-week low of $3.10 recorded last week. The surge was driven by an intensifying Arctic cold wave sweeping across much of the country. A sudden shift from mild weather prognoses to a scenario of severe and prolonged cold triggered a rapid market re-evaluation as traders began pricing in significantly higher heating fuel demand.

Asian markets declined yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 0.65%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) dropped 1.13%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) shed 1.05%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) posted a negative result of 0.33%.

On Tuesday, the offshore yuan stabilized near the 6.96 level per dollar, remaining close to a 32-month high following the Chinese central bank’s decision to leave loan prime rates unchanged. The People’s Bank of China (PBoC) kept the one-year and five-year benchmark rates at 3.0% and 3.5%, respectively, extending the period of policy stability to eight months and confirming a course of targeted economic support rather than broad-based monetary easing.

On Friday, US stock markets generally ended the session without a clear direction amid mixed geopolitical signals, uncertainty surrounding future Federal Reserve policy, and the start of the fourth-quarter earnings season. By Friday’s close, the Dow Jones (US30) declined by 0.17% (-0.28% for the week). The S&P 500 (US500) shed 0.06% (-0.06% for the week). The tech-heavy Nasdaq (US100) closed 0.07% lower (-0.34% for the week). Investors also assessed political news: President Donald Trump signaled that he might keep economic advisor Kevin Hassett in his current role rather than nominating him as Fed Chair, fueling speculation that former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh could be the frontrunner for the position.

Equity markets in Europe mostly fell on Friday. Germany’s DAX (DE40) fell by 0.22% (+0.19% for the week), France’s CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.65% (-1.00% for the week), Spain’s IBEX 35 (ES35) gained 0.39% (+0.94% for the week), and the UK’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed at negative 0.04% (+1.09% for the week). Attention was also on macroeconomic data: German inflation in December 2025 was confirmed at 1.8%, dropping from 2.3% in November and falling below the ECB’s 2% target for the first time since September 2024.

European stock markets opened sharply lower on Monday following the escalation of trade risks after US President Donald Trump’s statements regarding potential new tariffs on goods from eight European countries. The measure is viewed as a leverage tool to pressure these nations into supporting the Greenland acquisition plan. According to Trump, NATO allies opposing the plan, including Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, the UK, France, and the Netherlands, could face 10% tariffs as early as February 1, rising to 25% in June if no agreement is reached. In response, European leaders have begun discussing potential countermeasures, including reviving last year’s initiatives to impose tariffs on American goods, while French President Emmanuel Macron reportedly called for the activation of the EU’s anti-coercion instrument.

On Friday, silver (XAG) fell by more than 4%, dropping below $88.7 per ounce, continuing a sharp decline following high volatility in the previous session as the US decision to refrain from imposing tariffs on critical minerals removed a key market driver. Earlier in the week, threats of potential US import tariffs triggered a rapid rally in commodities: silver and other metals hit record levels as traders rushed to direct shipments to the US before potential restrictions took effect.
WTI crude oil prices traded near $59.3 per barrel on Monday following a fourth consecutive week of gains, as the market entered a consolidation phase amid easing geopolitical tensions surrounding Iran. Supply disruption concerns moderated after US President Donald Trump suggested a potential delay in military action last week, following Tehran’s pledge to halt the execution of protesters. However, renewed trade conflict risks remain a significant source of uncertainty for global energy demand. Over the weekend, the US President announced plans to impose 10% tariffs on goods from eight European countries effective February 1, with the potential to increase the rate to 25% by June, absent an agreement on the “purchase of Greenland.” These developments have intensified fears of a global economic slowdown and subsequent downward pressure on oil demand.

Asian markets traded with mixed results last week. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) rose by 5.00%, the FTSE China A50 (CHA50) fell by 1.54%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) gained 1.77%, and Australia’s ASX 200 (AU200) showed a 5-day positive result of 1.95%.

On Monday, the offshore yuan strengthened to approximately 6.96 per dollar, reaching a 32-month high supported by the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), which set its strongest daily fixing in over two years. This factor outweighed mixed economic data: China’s Q4 GDP growth slowed to 4.5% from 4.8% in Q3, the weakest pace in nearly three years, yet still exceeded market expectations of 4.4%. For the full year, the economy grew by 5%, meeting the government’s target and matching 2024 growth rates, largely due to a record trade surplus as robust exports to non-US markets offset pressure from American tariffs. Meanwhile, December statistics pointed to weakening domestic consumption and an accelerating decline in investment, while industrial production showed improvement.

The US stocks rose firmly on Thursday, driven by a sharp improvement in sentiment within the technology sector and a generally positive flow of macroeconomic data. At the close of Thursday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) gained 0.60%. The S&P 500 (US500) rose by 0.26%. The technology-heavy Nasdaq (US100) finished higher by 0.26%. The key market driver was the earnings report from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), which bolstered investor confidence in the long-term AI-related investment cycle. The company reported a 35% increase in fourth-quarter profit and provided a more optimistic revenue prognosis than expected. This triggered a broad rally in semiconductor stocks and related equipment manufacturers, restoring risk appetite across the entire tech sector.

In geopolitics, the tone became less strained following a softening of US President Donald Trump’s rhetoric regarding Iran. However, uncertainty persists due to his statements regarding Greenland.

The Canadian dollar (CAD) weakened to 1.39 against the US dollar, remaining in a tight range near early December lows, as a strengthening US dollar and falling oil prices outweighed relatively stable domestic factors. The easing of President Trump’s rhetoric on Iran led to a reduction in the geopolitical premium in oil, putting pressure on commodity prices and weakening CAD support from trade conditions. Domestically, pressure on the currency persists due to a sluggish labor market: the unemployment rate remains around 6.8%, anchoring the Bank of Canada’s neutral stance and limiting the potential for policy tightening to support the currency.

The Mexican peso (MXN) strengthened to 17.65 per US dollar, its highest level since July 2024, thanks to a renewed influx of capital through carry-trade operations, driven by Mexico’s persistently high real interest rates. Banxico slowed its rate-cutting cycle, holding the benchmark rate at 7% and signaling the need for caution amid persistent core inflation. This maintains one of the widest real yield differentials in emerging markets, supporting capital inflows into peso-denominated fixed-income assets.

European equity markets traded without a unified trend on Thursday. The German DAX (DE40) rose by 0.26%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.21%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) fell by 0.30%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) finished up 0.54%. Investors reacted positively to a combination of encouraging macroeconomic data and corporate news while accounting for the geopolitical backdrop. The market was supported by fresh data indicating that the German economy returned to moderate growth in 2025, expanding by 0.2% after two years of decline. Additional momentum came from the technology sector amid renewed AI optimism following TSMC’s record results, which improved sentiment in the high-tech and industrial segments.

WTI crude oil prices collapsed nearly 5% on Thursday to $59 per barrel, marking the sharpest one-day drop since October as geopolitical risks surrounding Iran receded. The primary trigger was US President Donald Trump’s statement that he had received assurances from the Iranian side regarding the cessation of protester killings. This dampened expectations of immediate US military intervention and sharply reduced fears of disruptions to Iranian production and strategic supply routes. Additionally, Trump noted his belief that Venezuela should remain in OPEC, which markets interpreted as a signal to maintain the status quo on supply rather than pursue sharp cuts.

Asian markets traded without a unified trend yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 0.42%, the Chinese FTSE China A50 (CHA50) dropped 0.51%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) shed 0.28%, while the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) posted a positive result of 0.47%.

The New Zealand dollar (NZD) strengthened to the 0.575 level on Friday and is heading for a weekly gain following a series of positive signals from the real sector. The BusinessNZ Performance of Manufacturing Index (PMI) rose for the sixth consecutive month in December, accelerating to its highest levels in four years. The market has ramped up expectations for policy tightening later this year: the probability of a rate hike in September is estimated at approximately 57%, with such a move almost fully priced in by October. Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand’s (RBNZ) February meeting is still perceived as a non-event, with the rate expected to remain at 2.25%.

The Malaysian economy’s growth, according to preliminary estimates, accelerated to 5.7% year-on-year in Q4 2025, compared to 5.2% in the previous quarter, marking the fastest pace since Q2 2024. The key driver was a recovery in the industrial sector. On a quarterly basis, GDP increased by 3.0% following an upwardly revised 5.4% jump in Q3 – the highest since late 2021. For the full year 2025, the economy grew by 4.9%, slowing only slightly from 5.1% the previous year.

At the close of Wednesday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) declined by -0.09%. The S&P 500 (US500) shed -0.53%. The technology-heavy Nasdaq (US100) closed lower by -1.00%. The US stock markets continued their decline on Wednesday, retreating from recent record highs amid mixed corporate reports, conflicting macro data, and rising geopolitical tensions. The technology sector faced the most significant pressure: semiconductor stocks faced a sell-off following reports of restrictions from China, which notably soured overall market sentiment. Macroeconomic statistics failed to pivot the market: moderate inflation and stable consumption only confirmed expectations that the Fed’s current policy will remain unchanged, failing to offset the impact of corporate and political factors. Wells Fargo shares fell by -3.9% after the company missed profit and revenue forecasts. Bank of America shares declined -3.6% despite beating expectations, while Citigroup dropped -0.3% after posting stronger-than-expected earnings and revenue figures. JPMorgan shares fell -0.3%, extending a -4.1% slide from the previous session following disappointing quarterly results.

European equity markets traded without a unified trend on Wednesday. The German DAX (DE40) fell -0.53%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down -0.19%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) rose by +0.05%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) finished Wednesday up +0.46%.

On Thursday, silver prices (XAG) dropped sharply by approximately -6%, falling below $88 per ounce and retreating from recently reached all-time highs. Pressure on prices emerged after US President Donald Trump delayed the introduction of new import duties on critical minerals, reducing short-term geopolitical and trade risks. An additional factor in the decline was the weakened appeal of precious metals as safe-haven assets. Demand waned following Trump’s statements that he had received assurances regarding the cessation of executions of protesters in Iran, which eased fears of potential US military intervention and regional escalation.

WTI crude oil prices declined by approximately -3% on Thursday to around $60 per barrel, snapping a five-session winning streak. The correction was triggered by easing geopolitical tensions following comments from US President Donald Trump, which lowered expectations of an imminent military strike on Iran. Additional pressure came from EIA data showing a rise in US crude oil and gasoline inventories last week, although distillate stocks decreased. Together, these factors intensified profit-taking and accelerated the reversal of quotes after a prolonged rally.

US natural gas prices (XNG) plunged by -10%, approaching their lowest levels since October 17, due to a reduction in gas flows to LNG export facilities. Gas deliveries to LNG plants on Wednesday dropped to a two-month low of 17.4 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) due to reduced supplies to Cheniere Energy’s Corpus Christi plant and the Freeport LNG plant.

Asian markets mostly rose yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) gained +1.48%, the Chinese FTSE China A50 (CHA50) fell by -1.04%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) climbed +0.56%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) posted a positive result of +0.14% yesterday. On Wednesday, PRC regulators raised minimum margin requirements for stock transactions from 80% to 100%, effectively restricting leverage and highlighting Beijing’s commitment to curbing excessive speculation and systemic risks in capital markets.

On Thursday, the Australian dollar (AUD) traded virtually unchanged near $0.668, holding close to a two-week low. Australian consumer inflation expectations remained at a high level of 4.6% in January, virtually unchanged from December, indicating persistent concerns over rising prices. Nevertheless, markets remain skeptical of imminent policy tightening: the probability of a Reserve Bank of Australia rate hike in February is estimated at approximately 27%, while it rises to about 76% by May.

The US stock indices managed to recover from an early-morning sell-off on Monday, ending the session higher and setting new records. By the end of Monday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) rose by 0.17%, the S&P 500 (US500) gained 0.16%, and the Nasdaq Technology Index (US100) closed up 0.08%. Initial pressure on the market was linked to reports of a criminal investigation launched against Fed Chair Jerome Powell, which heightened concerns regarding political pressure on the regulator. The banking sector was most notably affected, with shares of major players declining amid discussions of an initiative to cap credit card interest rates. Nevertheless, overall investor sentiment remained positive due to expectations of strong Q4 corporate earnings, primarily from major banks, and hopes for relatively soft inflation data, which supported risk appetite.

On Monday evening, Trump announced the imposition of 25% tariffs on countries trading with Iran, following repeated warnings of potential military action amid mass protests in the country.

The Mexican peso strengthened to 17.91 per dollar, reaching its highest level since July 2024, driven by a combination of external and internal factors. Support for the peso was provided by the Bank of Mexico’s balanced stance. Following the December rate cut, the regulator emphasized that future decisions depend on macroeconomic data, noting that underlying inflationary pressures persist and require caution. The absence of signals regarding rapid policy easing helped stabilize market expectations and maintain the appeal of the Mexican currency.

European equity markets mostly rose on Monday. The German DAX (DE40) climbed 0.57%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed down 0.04%, the Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) rose by 0.14%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) finished the day up 0.16%. Large companies in the industrial and financial services sectors continued their positive momentum: Siemens, Airbus, and Deutsche Bank gained between 1% and 4%. Technology stocks also largely rose, despite ongoing skepticism regarding the fundamental profitability of artificial intelligence amid rising capital expenditures.

The Swiss franc (CHF) is holding near highs seen in the early 2010s due to increased demand for safe-haven currencies. The franc was supported by escalating geopolitical tensions, including harsh mutual warnings between the US and Iran, as well as growing uncertainty surrounding international security following discussions of a potential increase in NATO’s military presence in Greenland. On the domestic front, Switzerland’s macroeconomic situation remains stable: recent inflation data reinforced expectations that the SNB will keep rates at zero in the near term, which did not prevent the franc from maintaining its status as one of the key defensive assets.

WTI crude oil prices recovered intraday losses on Monday to close higher. Prices were supported by escalating tensions in Iran, where large-scale protests increased the risk of disruptions in oil production and exports, despite government claims of a stabilizing situation. Potential strikes and threats to energy infrastructure maintain high market volatility. Supply concerns partially offset expectations of increased production in Venezuela following political changes and preparations for the resumption of exports.

US natural gas prices (XNG) rose by more than 5%, climbing above $3.35 per MMBtu and recovering from a drop to multi-week lows. The recovery was triggered by updated weather prognoses indicating the approach of colder temperatures. Market balance factors also provided support. Gas exports remain near record levels, while domestic production edged down from its December peak. An additional positive signal was a deeper-than-seasonal-norm reduction in inventories, which strengthened investor confidence in the improving fundamental market picture.

Asian markets traded higher yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) rose by 1.61%, the Chinese FTSE China A50 (CHA50) gained 0.11%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) climbed 1.44%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) posted a positive result of 0.48%.

In Australia, the Westpac–Melbourne Institute Consumer Sentiment Index fell by 1.7% month-on-month in January 2026 to a three-month low of 92.9 points, amid persistent concerns over interest rate hikes. Commodity-related stocks led the gains, as prices surged due to tensions surrounding Iran and concerns over the Federal Reserve’s independence.

By the end of Thursday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) rose by 0.55%. The S&P 500 Index (US500) gained 0.01%. The Technology Index Nasdaq (US100) closed lower by 0.44%. Investors shifted their focus from technology stocks toward cyclical and defense companies amid ongoing uncertainty regarding the scale and timing of Federal Reserve policy easing, as well as increased attention to the efficiency of capital expenditures in the field of artificial intelligence. The market was pressured by shares of large technology companies focused on AI infrastructure: Nvidia lost 2.2%, Broadcom 3.2%, Micron 3.7%, and Oracle 1.7%. At the same time, the defense sector demonstrated steady growth following President Donald Trump’s statements regarding plans to increase the US military budget to 1.5 trillion dollars in 2027.

According to a consumer expectations survey by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, median one-year-ahead inflation expectations in the US rose to 3.4% in December 2025, compared to 3.2% in each of the two previous months. In contrast, inflation expectations for three and five years remained unchanged at 3.0%, indicating stable long-term inflation projections. Uncertainty regarding inflation increased across all horizons, pointing to a growing divergence in expectations regarding future prices.

The German DAX (DE40) rose by 0.02%, the French CAC 40 (FR40) closed with an increase of 0.12%, the Spanish Index IBEX 35 (ES35) gained 0.33%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed lower at 0.04%. European stock markets declined moderately on Thursday, taking a pause after hitting record levels earlier in the week. Sentiment was pressured by uncertainty surrounding the future course of ECB policy and persistent geopolitical risks.

On Thursday, WTI crude oil prices rose by more than 4% and exceeded the 58 dollars per barrel mark, recovering losses from the two previous sessions as the market reassessed short-term supply risks amid a more resilient physical balance in the US. Prices were supported by data showing a 3.8 million barrel reduction in US oil inventories, which significantly exceeded expectations and refuted prognoses of inventory growth, easing concerns about a global supply glut. The rise in quotes was partially limited by an increase in inventories at Cushing, as well as a sharp rise in gasoline and distillate inventories; however, weaker US labor market data supported demand expectations by strengthening the outlook for a more dovish Fed policy.

On Thursday, silver dropped by 5% to 74 dollars per ounce, marking its second consecutive session of decline as investors took a wait-and-see approach ahead of the annual rebalancing of key commodity indices. This is expected to lead to the sale of billions of dollars worth of futures contracts in the coming days. Additional pressure on quotes was exerted by mechanical selling from passive funds adjusting their portfolios to new index weights following silver’s exceptional rally last year. These technical factors intensified the short-term decline despite persistent fundamental demand drivers.

Natural gas prices in the US decreased by approximately 3% to 3.42 dollars/MMBtu amid a moderate increase in daily production and expectations of mild weather for the next two weeks, which is anticipated to limit heating demand below seasonal norms. Although prognosists allow for a brief cold snap and a temporary increase in consumption at the end of January, overall temperatures across the country are predicted to remain above normal values until January 23. Meanwhile, EIA data showed higher actual demand: for the week ending January 2, 114 billion cubic feet of gas were withdrawn from storage, which significantly exceeds both last year’s figure and the five-year average.

Asian markets mostly declined yesterday. The Japanese Nikkei 225 (JP225) fell by 1.63%, the Chinese FTSE China A50 (CHA50) dropped by 1.45%, the Hong Kong Hang Seng (HK50) decreased by 1.17%, and the Australian ASX 200 (AU200) showed a positive result of 0.29% yesterday. On Friday, Chinese stock markets resumed their growth. In December, consumer price inflation accelerated to its highest level in nearly three years, primarily due to rising food prices, which partially masked persistent underlying deflationary pressure in the economy. At the same time, producer prices declined for the 39th consecutive month, although the rate of decline was the smallest since August 2024, which was perceived by the market as a sign of stabilization.

The unemployment rate in Malaysia in November 2025 decreased to 2.9% compared to 3.2% a year earlier, reaching its lowest level since November 2014. The number of unemployed persons decreased by 4.3% in annual terms to 518.4 thousand, marking a nearly six-year low, while employment rose by 3.1% and reached a record 17.09 million people.