Archive for Economics & Fundamentals – Page 119

Reports from major tech companies disappointed, but investors are positive

By JustMarkets

The US stock markets continued their rally yesterday. By Thursday’s close, the Dow Jones Index (US30) decreased by 0.11%, while the S&P 500 (US500) gained 1.48%. The NASDAQ Technology Index (US100) jumped by 3.25%.

Investors are investing in tech stocks after the Meta rally. The artificial intelligence technology boom in recent months has forced investors to pour money into technology. The market has also been helped by renewed confidence that the Federal Reserve will stop raising rates sooner than originally planned.

Tesla (TSLA) added another 3% to its recent rally after it was announced that the company would increase production at its Shanghai plant to nearly 20,000 vehicles per week. Apple’s (AAPL) results for the quarter fell short of estimates due to a drop in iPhone revenue. iPhone’s revenue fell about 8% to $65.78 billion amid a difficult macroeconomic environment and significant supply constraints. Apple stock fell by 3% after the report was released. Alphabet (GOOGL) reported lower-than-expected fourth-quarter earnings and revenue as lower spending on online advertising affected results. The company also said its first-quarter results would reflect lower spending related to job cuts. Shares of Alphabet Inc. fell more than 1% on the report. Amazon (AMZN) was also unhappy with the results.

Operating profits continued to fall in the current quarter. Faced with high inflation and a volatile economy, the company has set its sights on cutting costs across various businesses. Shares fell 5% after the market closed. Ford Motor Co (F) said Thursday that fourth-quarter profit fell from a year earlier. The automaker blamed supply chain problems and production “instability, ” leading to higher costs and lower volumes. Ford shares fell more than 6% on the report after the close of the main session.

Stock markets in Europe were mostly up yesterday. Germany’s DAX (DE30) gained 2.16%, France’s CAC 40 (FR40) added 1.26%, Spain’s IBEX 35 index (ES35) jumped by 1.45%, and Britain’s FTSE 100 (UK100) closed Thursday up by 0.76%.

The ECB, as expected, raised its interest rate by 0.5% yesterday. The US Fed is ending its rate hike cycle and will soon talk about ending quantitative easing (QT), with the ECB about halfway through and planning to start QT in March. This situation is good for the euro as the spread between the euro, and the dollar will continue to narrow.

The Bank of England announced another “sharp” interest rate hike on Thursday, saying it was too early to declare victory over inflation. The bank raised its key rate from 3.5% to 4%. Nevertheless, the bank tempered expectations of further rate hikes, dismissing suggestions that it would respond “strongly” to price pressures and implying that future changes would be smaller.

Oil prices fell Thursday as US factory orders fell and the dollar strengthened, making oil more expensive for non-US buyers. This indicates a further slowdown in the economy, especially in manufacturing, which is negatively affecting oil. Investors have become less confident about the strength of the oil outlook. But analysts are still confident in a bullish scenario for the “black gold” due to the rebounding economy of China (the largest oil importer). It is also worth remembering that the ban on Russian oil will come into effect on February 5, which may strike a blow to global supplies.

The unusually warm start to the winter of 2022/23 resulted in a significant reduction in heating demand in the United States and Europe compared to the norm, leaving more gas in storage than originally anticipated. This has led to a drop in natural gas prices over the past two months. But the situation may change dramatically with the onset of cold weather, which weather forecasters predict for the second half of February.

Asian markets traded flat yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) gained 0.20%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) decreased by 0.34%, Hong Kong’s Hang Sengv(HK50) lost 0.52%, India’s NIFTY 50 (IND50) fell by 0.03%, and Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 (AU200) was up by 0.13% on the day.

The mixed economic data released reinforced concerns about China’s rapid recovery after the repeal of the zero COVID-19 policy. While the country’s services sector recovered sharply in January after a four-month slump, a private survey showed that small-scale manufacturing firms still struggle with rising COVID-19 cases and lingering supply chain problems.

Severe flooding in New Zealand’s largest city, Auckland, has increased inflationary pressures and is creating a new cost-of-living headache for Prime Minister Chris Hipkins, who is trying to win back support for his party before the election.

S&P 500 (F) (US500) 4,179.76 +60.55 (+1.47%)

Dow Jones (US30) 34,053.94 −39.02 (−0.11%)

DAX (DE40) 15,509.19 +328.45 (+2.16%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 7,820.16 +59.05 (+0.76%)

USD Index 101.74 +0.53 (+0.53%)

Important events for today:
  • – Eurozone Services PMI (m/m) at 11:00 (GMT+2);
  • – UK Services PMI (m/m) at 11:30 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone Retail Sales (m/m) at 12:00 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone Producer Price Index (m/m) at 12:00 (GMT+2);
  • – US Nonfarm Payrolls (m/m) at 15:30 (GMT+2);
  • – US Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 15:30 (GMT+2);
  • – US ISM Services PMI (m/m) at 17:00 (GMT+2).

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

Why the Fed raised interest rates by the smallest amount since it began its epic inflation fight

By William Chittenden, Texas State University 

The Federal Reserve’s policy-setting committee lifted interest rates on Feb. 1, 2023, by a quarter of a percentage point to a range of 4.5% to 4.75%. The increase, the smallest since the Fed began an aggressive campaign of rate hikes in March 2022, came amid signs the fastest pace of inflation in decades is cooling. But the Fed also indicated more rate hikes are coming.

So why is the Fed slowing the size of rate increases now, and what does it mean for consumers? We asked finance scholar William Chittenden from Texas State University to explain what’s going on and what comes next.

Why did the Fed raise rates by only a quarter point?

The Fed is trying to figure out whether last year’s rate hikes have slowed the economy enough to get inflation near its target of about 2%.

By raising what’s known as the Fed funds rate, the U.S. central bank makes borrowing more expensive, which means buying large-ticket items, like cars and homes, is more costly. This should lead to fewer people buying cars, which will likely result in lower car prices.

In 2022, the Fed lifted rates eight times by a total of 4.25 percentage points, which helped prompt inflation to drop to an annual pace of 6.5% in December from 9.1% at its peak in June.

To understand why it’s so hard for the Fed to figure out if its rate hikes worked, think of the economy as a fully loaded oil tanker out in the ocean. Naturally, it’s chugging along as fast it can to reach a specific destination, but it takes a long time from the captain “stepping on the brakes” to when the ship actually stops moving forward.

Similarly, the Fed is raising rates to slow the economy – sort of like stepping on the brakes – and bring inflation down to 2%, but there’s often a long delay between the hikes and their impact on the economy.

But if the Fed eases off the brakes too early, inflation could remain high. If it presses on them too hard, unemployment will likely shoot up and the economy will slide into a recession. By increasing interest rates only a quarter-point, the Fed is signaling that it believes the economy has begun to slow down and is on a path to 2% inflation.

Does this mean borrowing costs will start coming down?

The Fed funds rate acts as a base rate for shorter-term interest rates, such as for car loans and credit cards. As it goes up, short-term borrowing rates increase by about the same amount.

The financial markets are predicting about an 80% chance the Fed’s benchmark lending rate will top out around 5% this summer – which means they’re expecting rates to go just a little bit higher.

Rates on shorter-term borrowing are unlikely to come down, but if markets are right, they probably won’t increase much more.

However, for long-term borrowing costs, as on a 30-year mortgage, rates are already coming down and are likely to fall some more – good news for homebuyers.

How about inflation – can consumers expect prices to start falling?

Overall, yes, inflation is already starting to come down – and prices on some items are even falling.

For example, used-car prices, which soared earlier in the COVID-19 pandemic, have dropped in recent months, while prices of dozens of other items, such as flour, clothes and gasoline, have eased.

However, some costs continue to increase. Egg prices soared after the supply was disrupted because of avian flu, which killed off nearly 53 million egg-laying hens. Unfortunately, increasing interest rates will not bring back those birds or help decrease the cost of eggs.

In addition, nothing the Fed does will affect the war in Ukraine, which has led to higher world wheat and energy prices.

The point being, the Fed can’t really address certain types of inflation.

Does all this mean the U.S. will avoid recession?

That’s the trillion-dollar question.

Fed officials have at times sounded hopeful that they can bring down inflation without crashing the economy – a so-called soft landing. During his press conference after the latest announcement Feb. 1, 2023, Fed Chair Jerome Powell was more cautious, saying it’s too soon to declare victory. But he noted: “We can now say for the first time that the disinflationary process has started.”

Economic forecasters have been less confident that the U.S. will avoid a recession. On average, economists surveyed this past month by The Wall Street Journal forecast a 61% probability of a recession in 2023. In addition, key economic indicators point to a recession, while the yield curve – a bond market metric that has been successful at predicting recessions – currently puts the odds at about 47%.

In my view, this all adds up to: Nobody really knows. My best advice to consumers out there is to prepare financially for a recession, but let’s not give up hope that the Fed can slow the economy without crashing it.The Conversation

About the Author:

William Chittenden, Associate Professor of Finance, Texas State University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

 

The US Federal Reserve reduced the rate hike to a 0.25% step. ECB and Bank of England to raise rates by 0.5% today

By JustMarkets

The US stock markets rose yesterday amid a slowdown in the rate hike. At the close of the stock market on Wednesday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) gained 0.02%, and the S&P 500 Index (US500) added 1.05%. The NASDAQ Technology Index (US100) jumped by 2.00% yesterday.

The Federal Reserve raised its interest rate by 0.25% on Wednesday but indicated that it expects more hikes in the future. The Fed is planning two more 0.25% rate hikes in March and May, but analysts doubt the Fed needs to go that high, especially since inflation is slowing and there are early warning signs in the labor market. But investors were generally encouraged by Powell’s answers to questions during his press conference about easing financial conditions, such as the rebound in stocks and falling bond yields in recent months. That pushed stock indices higher.

Meta Platforms stock jumped by 17% thanks to fourth-quarter revenue outperformance. Revenue was $32.17 billion, better than the consensus forecast of $31.53 billion. Facebook reached the milestone of 2 billion daily active users. Major tech companies like Alphabet (GOOGL), Apple (AAPL), and Amazon.com (AMZN) report today. Volatility in the stock market will be high, especially during the reporting period.

Equity markets in Europe traded flat yesterday. German DAX (DE30) gained 0.35%, French CAC 40 (FR40) decreased by 0.08%, Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) added 0.74%, British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed on Wednesday down by 0.14%.

The ECB and the Bank of England will hold their monetary policy meetings today. In both cases, an interest rate hike of 0.5% is expected. This may give confidence to the euro and the British pound amid a narrowing interest rate differential with the US Fed. With the British economy already projected to fall into recession in 2023, Governor Andrew Bailey and his colleagues should assess how much of a delayed negative impact a further series of rate hikes will have. Public employee strikes have heightened the sense of despair in the economy.

Gold reached the $1,950 mark as the dollar fell because the US Federal Reserve nears the end of its tightening cycle. Gold has an inverse correlation to the dollar index and government bond yields.

The US crude oil inventories hit a 20-month-high. With OPEC+ countries deciding to leave production levels unchanged in the expectation that Chinese demand will pick up, oil prices fell more than 3% yesterday. But the long-term outlook for oil remains bullish.

Asian markets were mostly up yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) gained 0.07%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) jumped by 0.66%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) ended the day up by 1.05%, India’s NIFTY 50 (IND50) decreased by 0.26%, and Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 (AU200) ended the day up by 0.33%.

Bank of Japan spokesman Wakatabe said yesterday that the Bank of Japan’s resolve to continue monetary policy easing has not changed. But investors should understand that the Bank of Japan is likely to start the process of monetary policy normalization this year after the change of BoJ governor. Although some analysts believe that Japan’s central bank is unlikely to tighten monetary policy until deflation is defeated and the Ministry of Finance stops relying on ultra-low yields to control the cost of government debt. And that could take a much longer time.

S&P 500 (F) (US500) 4,119.21 +42.61 (+1.05%)

Dow Jones (US30) 34,092.96 +6.92 (+0.020%)

DAX (DE40) 15,180.74 +52.47 (+0.35%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 7,771.70 −13.17 (−0.14%)

USD Index 102.06 −0.22 (−0.21%)

Important events for today:
  • – UK BoE Inflation Report at 14:00 (GMT+2);
  • – UK BoE Interest Rate Decision at 14:00 (GMT+2);
  • – UK BoE Monetary Policy Statement at 14:00 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone ECB Monetary Policy Statement at 15:15 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone ECB Interest Rate Decision at 15:15 (GMT+2);
  • – US Initial Jobless Claims (w/w) at 15:30 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone ECB Press Conference at 15:45 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone ECB President Lagarde Speaks at 17:15 (GMT+2);
  • – US Natural Gas Storage (w/w) at 17:30 (GMT+2).

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

US is spending record amounts servicing its national debt – interest rate hikes add billions to the cost

By Gerald P. Dwyer, Clemson University 

Consumers and businesses aren’t the only ones feeling the pain of higher borrowing costs because of Federal Reserve rate hikes. Uncle Sam is too.

The U.S. government spent a record US$213 billion on interest payments on its debt in the fourth quarter, up $63 billion from a year earlier. Indeed, a jump of almost $30 billion on the previous quarter represents the biggest quarterly jump on record. That comes as the Fed lifted interest rates a whopping 4.25 percentage points from March through December.

As an economist, I am concerned that the effect of higher interest payments on the government’s budget is being ignored. Higher interest payments mean the federal government will either have to lower spending, raise taxes or issue more debt to service its obligations. And financing interest payments by issuing more debt could be a particularly poor choice – sooner or later, the bill will come due.

The national debt – the amount the federal government borrows to balance the budget – increases when spending is greater than revenue and accumulates over time. As a general rule, it increases over time because of increases in spending, revenue and the deficit. Inflation tends to increase government spending, as well as revenue and deficits. As a result, the dollar value of government debt increases in times of inflation. Debt also tends to grow as the economy gets bigger – although this is not inevitable as policymakers could choose to balance the government’s budget.

In this way, total government debt has climbed over the years – by the end of 2022 it was 10 times larger than it was in 1990. It currently stands at over $31 trillion dollars and represents more than 120% of the nation’s gross domestic product. GDP is the total annual amount of goods and services produced by a country and often is used to judge whether debt is high or low.

Since 1990, government debt has more than doubled relative to the size of the economy – indicating that servicing debt could be quite a bit more of an issue than it once was.

A decade of record-low borrowing costs

But how concerning are these numbers? After all, it is not as if the government debt has to be paid off every year.

Government borrowing has some similarities to a person paying for an expensive item with a credit card, with the actual amount due to be paid off over an extended period. Just as with purchases on credit, interest is applied – and can add to the overall outlay. The federal government is different from consumers, though – it need not pay off its debt for the foreseeable future.

In terms of interest payments, the U.S. has been fortunate in recent years. Historically low interest rates since the 2008 financial crisis have held down interest payments. And just as low interest rates encourage would-be homeowners, for example, to take out a larger mortgage, they have also made it much more attractive for the federal government to borrow money to pay for whatever Congress and the administration want to finance.

But then came 2022. Soaring inflation – which reached levels not seen in 40 years – meant an end to the days of near-zero interest rates. To restrain inflation, the Fed raised rates seven times in 2022, taking the base rate from near zero to a range of 4.25% to 4.5% at the end of 2022. It is expected that the Fed will raise rates by a further 0.25 percentage point at its next monetary policy meeting starting Jan. 31. Projections made by Federal Board members indicate that, with future increases, rates will average 5% or more in 2023.

Not all government debt, however, carries these current higher interest rates. Just as with typical U.S. mortgages, much of the government debt bears the interest rate applied when it was taken on. The difference is, unlike homeowners, the government does not pay off its debt. Instead it rolls over old debt into new debt – and when it does so it takes on whatever the interest rate is when the debt is rolled over. And when this happens and interest rates have risen, the cost of servicing the overall debt goes up.

There may be trouble ahead

The federal government’s interest expense has only begun to reflect the higher interest rates. The average rate the U.S. paid in 2022 was just over 2%, which is up from the 1.61% average in 2021 but still lower than it’s been over much of the past decade. But even so, the effect is being felt. Since the Fed began hiking rates, the U.S. government’s exposure to debt interest has climbed sharply.

It may all sound a little worrying, especially amid talk of a recession – it is as if the interest on your credit card or mortgage suddenly jumped at a time when you were facing a possible cut in wages.

But there are some reassuring economic projections as well. Inflation declined substantially in the second half of 2022 and appears likely to be under control. And there is good reason to think that interest rates of 4% – or even less – are in the U.S.‘s future, as well as in the Federal Reserve projections. Whether there will be a “soft landing” in the economy – that is, a slowdown that avoids a recession – is not so obvious. While it is not inevitable, many indicators point to a recession in 2023.

Either way, the days of borrowing trillions of dollars at near-zero interest rates to finance extravagant spending are over for the foreseeable future.The Conversation

About the Author:

Gerald P. Dwyer, Professor Emeritus of Economics and BB&T Scholar, Clemson University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Fed’s hawkish tones and rate rises will become less relevant

By George Prior

Investors are set to largely shrug off hawkish tones and rate rises from the Federal Reserve moving forward, predicts the CEO of one of the world’s largest independent financial advisory, asset management and fintech organizations.

The prediction from Nigel Green of deVere Group, comes as the U.S. central bank’s policy-setting Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) raised rates by 25 basis points at the conclusion of its two-day meeting, bringing its benchmark to a target range of 4.5% to 4.75%.

The deVere Group CEO observes: “The markets expected a 25bps rise, which is another step downward for the Fed, which increased rates by 50 basis points in December, following four 75 basis-point hikes in 2022.

“The Fed went strong on flagging worries about financial conditions becoming too loose, and that whilst progress on taming inflation has been made, officials remain concerned.

“The central bank delivered hawkish tones about rates having to remain higher for longer and reiterated the Fed’s commitment to cooling inflation.”

However, says Nigel Green, “There’s set to be some fluctuation, but moving forward markets are going to largely shrug off the Fed’s hawkish tones and rate rises.”

He continues: “Markets typically look to the future, not at the present, and will see that inflation has peaked, and the growing signs of a ‘soft landing’ for the U.S. economy as it appears that the central bank is reducing inflation without creating significant unemployment.

“There’s a sense that things are actually better than the Fed is admitting to, in order to stop over-exuberance of the markets.

“The Fed’s rhetoric doesn’t appear to be changing, despite the data, and the markets are aware of this.”

As the U.S. central bank steps down from the aggressive tightening agenda, markets are increasingly “going to overlook the Fed’s rate increases; they’re becoming less relevant.”

Nigel Green affirms: “Savvy investors know that now – in a year in which there will be big winners and big losers – it’s about being invested in the right companies, those which can consistently maintain or steadily grow margin, as well as diversification across sectors, asset classes and regions.

“A good fund manager will be critical in identifying these winners and losers as the economic cycle moves on.”

About the Author:

deVere Group is one of the world’s largest independent advisors of specialist global financial solutions to international, local mass affluent, and high-net-worth clients.  It has a network of more than 70 offices across the world, over 80,000 clients and $12bn under advisement.

 

The stock market is rising amid expectations of good reports from major technology companies

By JustMarkets

The US stock markets rose yesterday. At the close of the stock market on Tuesday, the Dow Jones Index (US30) gained 1.09%, and the S&P 500 Index (US500) added 1.46%. NASDAQ Technology Index (US100) jumped by 1.67%. Investors have been evaluating a lot of companies’ results, and they have generally been better than expected. But US economic indicators continue to decline. Consumer confidence fell from 109 to 107.1 in January, with the report indicating that consumers have become less optimistic about job prospects and expect a softening of business conditions in the near future.

General Motors (GM) shares rose more than 7% after its fourth-quarter results beat Wall Street estimates, and the automaker’s annual outlook was less bad than feared. Caterpillar (CAT) shares fell more than 3% after the heavy equipment maker’s fourth-quarter earnings missed Wall Street estimates. PayPal (PYPL) announced plans to lay off 2,000 employees, about 7% of its workforce, as the payments company prepares for a “challenging macroeconomic environment.”

Investors await further results from the big tech companies. Meta Platforms (META) will report as early as today. And on Thursday, Alphabet (GOOGL), Apple (AAPL), and Amazon.com (AMZN) will report.

The US Federal Reserve will hold an important monetary policy meeting today. The Fed is likely to raise the rate by 0.25%, and that increase is already in prices. Therefore, investors’ main focus will be on Fed Chairman Jerome Powell’s speech 30 minutes after the rate release. Investors will be looking for clues as to the Fed’s next move — whether the Fed will continue to raise rates or this hike will mark the end of the tightening cycle, after which the central bank will take a long pause.

Equity markets in Europe traded flat yesterday. German DAX (DE30) gained 0.01%, French CAC 40 (FR40) closed on the opening level, Spanish IBEX 35 (ES35) decreased by 0.19%, and British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed on Tuesday down by 0.17%.

Despite the energy crisis and the ensuing inflationary crisis, the eurozone economy once again showed resilience. Eurozone GDP grew by 0.1% in the last quarter. But most economies are now in stagnation with near zero growth. Germany and Italy, as the major industrialized countries, have seen small declines as they are hit the hardest by the energy crisis, while France and Spain have managed to achieve small growth rates. Despite the small increase, the growth momentum is downward, and the next quarter is likely to show a contraction.

The British Retail Consortium said that store price inflation accelerated to 8%, the highest since  2005. Prices for consumers have been rising steadily, even as the broader UK inflation rate is beginning to decline. Higher food prices mean that consumers are spending less on secondary goods.

The United States has expanded its sanctions list against Iranian entities that Washington accuses of being involved in supplying drones to Russia.

Natural gas prices continue to fall and have reached a 21-month low. The drop in gas prices came after an unusually warm start to the winter of 2022/23, which led to a drop in demand for heating fuel. But significantly colder temperatures are forecast for the region ahead, which will lead to increased consumption. In turn, increased consumption (demand growth) will put upward pressure on the quotes.

A weaker dollar and increased demand for crude oil and refined products, as reported late by the EIA or Energy Information Administration, supported oil prices yesterday. There will also be an OPEC+ meeting today where production quotas for the next two months will be approved. No surprises are expected, and production is projected to remain on target. However, volatility in oil will be elevated amid the release of strategic reserves data.

Asian markets were mostly down yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) decreased by 0.39%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) lost 1.27%, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) ended the day down by 1.03%, India’s NIFTY 50 (IND50) gained 0.07%, and Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 (AU200) ended the day down by 0.07%.

Factory activity in Japan has been decreasing for the third month in a row. Amid worsening global economic conditions, Japanese companies are facing calls for higher wage increases to counter inflation and support the recovery of the world’s third-largest economy.

New Zealand’s labor market is starting to show signs of slowing. The unemployment rate rose from 3.3% to 3.4%, with quarterly job growth falling short of forecasts. Against this backdrop, the central bank may slow the pace of interest rate hikes.

S&P 500 (F) (US500) 4,076.60 +58.83 (+1.46%)

Dow Jones (US30) 34,086.04 +368.95 (+1.09%)

DAX (DE40) 15,128.27 +2.19 (+0.014%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 7,771.70 −13.17 (−0.17%)

USD Index 102.06 −0.22 (−0.21%)

Important events for today:
  • – Japan Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 02:00 (GMT+2);
  • – Spanish Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 10:15 (GMT+2);
  • – Switzerland Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 10:30 (GMT+2);
  • – Italian Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 10:45 (GMT+2);
  • – French Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 10:50 (GMT+2);
  • – German Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 10:55 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 11:00 (GMT+2);
  • – UK Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 11:30 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 12:00 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone Consumer Price Index (m/m) at 12:00  (GMT+2);
  • – OPEC+ Meeting at 13:00 (GMT+2);
  • – US ADP Nonfarm Employment Change (m/m) at 15:15 (GMT+2);
  • – US JOLTs Job Openings (m/m) at 17:00 (GMT+2);
  • – US ISM Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 17:00 (GMT+2);
  • – US Crude Oil Reserves (w/w) at 17:30 (GMT+2);
  • – US FOMC Statement at 21:00 (GMT+2);
  • – US Fed Interest Rate Decision at 21:00 (GMT+2);
  • – US FOMC Press Conference at 21:30 (GMT+2).

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

Brazil’s economic challenges are again Lula’s to tackle – this time around they’re more daunting

By Marc-Andreas Muendler, University of California, San Diego and Carlos Góes, University of California, San Diego 

Even when they’re in trouble, Brazilians rarely lose their sense of humor. But in recent years, their joviality has often given way to political division everywhere from social media to the dinner table.

One familiar quip – that Brazil is the country of the future and always will be – has lost its levity as Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva begins his third presidential term. Lula previously led his country from 2003 to 2010. The president, who was sworn in again on Jan. 1, 2023, promised on the campaign trail that Brazil’s future can be like its past again: more prosperous and less polarized.

Having studied Brazil in our economic research, and having lived in the country for several years by birth or by choice, we argue that it will not be easy for Lula to fulfill his economic promises.

Unlike in his first two terms, when domestic and foreign markets helped the economy along, Lula now faces strong headwinds at home and abroad – and that means sound policies are even more important this time around.

Good times, bad times and economic choices

Brazil shot up from the world’s 14th-largest economy in 2003 to the seventh-biggest in 2010, during a boom that largely coincided with Lula’s prior presidency. At the same time, the country’s poverty rate, which the World Bank today pegs at the share of the population living on less than US$3.65 a day, fell sharply, from 26% to 12%.

Brazil exports so many gallons of orange juice, bags of coffee, bushels of wheat and other commodities that it’s serving up the world’s breakfast. Global growth during those years boosted the demand for these commodities as well as for Brazil’s processed goods. Manufacturing exports fueled Brazil’s growth in the decade following the year 2000 for the first time, led by sales of products like steel, car parts and cars, and aircraft made by Embraer.

During these boom years, Lula ran a balanced government budget, held inflation low and kept the Brazilian real’s exchange rate with other currencies under control – macroeconomic policies that he maintained from his predecessor, Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Lula also bundled Cardoso’s popular anti-poverty programs into Bolsa Família, a successful conditional cash transfer program. To remain enrolled and receive the monetary benefits, low-income families had to get their children vaccinated against diseases, keep them in school and meet other requirements.

Cynthia Benedetto, Embraer’s chief financial officer, observed in 2011: “Since my childhood I heard that Brazil is the country of the future,” and then warned, “Now the future has arrived, and I start to fear that it is short.”

She was right. The good times didn’t last.

During the second decade of this century, the prices of many of the commodities that Brazil exports fell or even plummeted. The country experienced two of the worst recessions in its history. In the downturn that lasted from late 2014 to mid-2016, nearly 5 million Brazilians lost their jobs. After a sluggish recovery, the COVID-19 pandemic hit, and 10 million Brazilians became jobless in another big downturn.

Political upheaval

Bad choices made tough and unlucky times worse.

A combination of economic mismanagement, widespread corruption, political turmoil and a global pandemic all contributed to 10 years of backward sliding after a decade of progress.

Lula’s allies, including some in his inner circle, were found to be part of one corruption scheme after another. Lula himself ended up in prison for corruption until Brazil’s Supreme Court declared the case a mistrial because the presiding judge was determined to have been biased.

Brazilians elected Lula’s hand-picked successor, Dilma Rousseff, in the 2010 and 2014 presidential races. She cast aside some of her predecessors’ policies that had buttressed economic stability.

Rousseff ended the central bank’s de facto independence and lowered interest rates in an abrupt turnaround that sparked inflation. She gave up on balancing the budget.

Once corruption was exposed in state-owned oil company Petrobras, the construction industry and at Brazil’s massive state-run development bank, economic activity slowed across the board. Rousseff oversaw one of Brazil’s most severe economic contractions in memory: GDP shrank by 7% and public debt increased 20 percentage points as a share of GDP from 2014 to 2016.

Brazil’s Congress impeached and convicted Rousseff in 2016 for fiscal improprieties. Her vice president, Michel Temer, served out the rest of her term and appointed Lula’s central bank chair, Henrique Meirelles, as minister of finance to help rein in public debt.

Jair Bolsonaro, a vocal admirer of Brazil’s 20th-century military dictatorship, became president in 2019 by riding the wave of widespread sentiment against Lula’s and Rousseff’s Workers’ Party. Bolsonaro prioritized short-term political gain over long-term adjustment, often clashing with his own economic aides and dodging rules meant to curb government spending.

By 2020, Brazil’s economy ranked No. 12 in the world in terms of GDP, and living conditions deteriorated. In 2021, the poverty rate likely hit the highest level in a decade, according to estimates by researchers at IPEA, a government think tank, as well as IBGE, Brazil’s statistics agency.

The pandemic and the social spending fluctuations it brought about have made it hard to accurately track economic trends in recent years. But the numbers suggest that Brazil is close again to where it started the 21st century.

Back to the future

Lula’s economic challenges are daunting, over and above the political crisis after the riots by opposition supporters in Brasília.

First, the economic outlook is gloomy. Inflation has led central banks worldwide to increase interest rates, and the International Monetary Fund forecasts a global slowdown in 2023.

Even if the world still wants Brazil’s coffee, orange juice and cereal from wheat or corn for breakfast, we doubt that foreign demand for Brazil’s exports will bounce back to the levels seen in past boom years.

Global prices for many of the commodities Brazil exports have been sliding downward for the past 15 years. They briefly reached their 2008 peak level again in mid-2022, partly driven by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the ensuing global turmoil that drove food prices up.

But the prices of commodities that are particularly important to Brazil, such as soybeans, corn and coffee, are all down significantly from their recent peaks.

During his 2022 campaign, Lula promised to slash taxes on the upper-middle class and increase benefits for the poor while keeping government finances under control.

This arithmetic is feasible in an era of rapid growth, when newly generated wealth can finance public transfers. At times of slow or no growth, like today, it becomes much harder to pull off.

Second, unlike when Lula first took office following a period of fiscal stability, this time he must credibly rebuild much of the fiscal framework.

After boosts to benefits, tax cuts and some unfunded pension commitments to retirees, it’s become hard to balance Brazil’s budget. In response to the crisis in the mid-2010s, Brazil’s Congress passed a spending cap that gradually rises so as to foster slow fiscal adjustment while avoiding harsh austerity. But Bolsonaro essentially got rid of the cap by circumventing it.

One example is the federal government’s obligation to cover court-mandated payments: Bolsonaro delayed the disbursement of 110 billion reais ($21.6 billion), equal to more than 1% of Brazil’s GDP, in 2022. That means the new government has to pay this year’s and some of last year’s bills at the same time.

While Bolsonaro dismissed the severity of COVID-19 when it was spreading uncontrolled through his country, his government did help people cope with its economic fallout by allowing emergency spending that breached Brazil’s spending cap. However, his administration maneuvered to perpetuate the state of emergency and kept spending levels higher than the cap would allow long after Brazilians stopped staying at home for public health reasons.

Third, we expect political divisions, including some within Lula’s administration, to be another obstacle. Different factions on his economic team are likely to be at loggerheads for the foreseeable future because they prefer starkly different policies.

Simone Tebet, the new economic planning minister who is in charge of coordinating spending, has several fiscal conservatives on her team.

Finance Minister Fernando Haddad, in contrast, has appointed undersecretaries known to invariably advocate for more spending. Plans for taxes and spending released to date set a budget surplus of 0.5% of GDP as the new government’s target, primarily financed with more tax collection.

Using budget projections by the International Monetary Fund, we consider those revenue projections overly optimistic.

To be sure, any new government deserves time to prove itself, especially under tough circumstances. But patience is rarer in Brazil than humor – and always has been.The Conversation

About the Author:

Marc-Andreas Muendler, Professor of Economics, University of California, San Diego and Carlos Góes, Doctoral Candidate in Economics, University of California, San Diego

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Packed week of risk events to inject life into markets

By ForexTime

The next few days promise to be wild and incredibly eventful for financial markets thanks to a string of central bank decisions, earnings from tech titans, and key economic data releases.

There was already a strong sense of tension in the air as investors digested a barrage of corporate earnings and key reports ahead of the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank meetings. This unease and overall caution have sapped appetite for risk, sending European shares lower this morning. Given how investors are likely to remain guarded towards riskier assets, US stocks may trade lower later today. In the currency space, the dollar hit its highest level in a week amid the risk-off sentiment while gold slipped bear to $1900 thanks to a stabilising dollar. Oil benchmarks were also under pressure due to the prospect of more rate hikes.

It is safe to say that the events of this week could set the tone for the new trading month of February. Given how markets are expecting the FOMC, BoE, and ECB to make a move, the focus is likely to be on what they say rather than the actions they take. On the earnings front, Apple, Alphabet, and Meta Platforms will be under the spotlight this week with all eyes on their results and growth outlook, especially after the mass layoffs recently announced in US-based tech companies.

What to expect from the Fed?

The Fed is widely expected to raise interest rates by 25 basis points when its meeting ends on Wednesday.

Given how the Fed is widely expected to make such a move, much focus will be directed toward the statement and Fed Chair Powell’s press conference. Powell is expected to strike a hawkish tone which is in contrast to market expectations over the Fed cutting rates near the end of 2023. This means the disconnect between the Fed and markets may add more spice to the pending meeting, as investors seek fresh clues on what to expect from the central bank this year. Dollar bulls could receive further support if Fed hawks dominate the scene. However, if markets fail to buy the hawkish rhetoric and signal for continued rate hikes, this could drag the dollar lower.

ECB Hawks to reign supreme?

Given how inflation remains at uncomfortable levels in Europe, ECB hawks are set to take the lead on Thursday. Markets widely expect the ECB to hike interest rates by 50 basis points with a firmly hawkish Largarde reinforcing expectations for further rate hikes down the road. Before the policy meeting, investors will be presented with the latest January flash inflation figures. If inflation remains at lofty levels, this may fortify expectations around the ECB hiking rates for longer to tame price pressures.

Looking at the technical picture, EURUSD remains under pressure on the daily charts with resistance found around 1.0900. A stronger dollar seems to be fueling the downside with the next level of interest around 1.0770. A potential breakout opportunity could be on the horizon for the currency pair with the outcome of both the Fed and the ECB meetings influencing the near-term outlook.

Currency spotlight: GBPUSD

A hawkish Bank of England could inject sterling bulls with renewed confidence this week. The BoE is expected to raise interest rates by 50 basis points in the face of high inflation. Although the annual rate fell to 10.5% in December, it is still more than five times the bank’s 2% target. Given how a rate rise is widely expected, all eyes will be on the updated growth and inflation forecasts which could offer fresh clues on the pace of policy tightening. Whatever the outcome of the BoE meeting, it could translate to increased pound volatility.

Talking technicals, GBPUSD remains under pressure on the daily charts with prices approaching the 1.2300 level. A breakdown below this point could encourage a decline toward 1.2170 and 1.2120, respectively.


Article by ForexTime

ForexTime Ltd (FXTM) is an award winning international online forex broker regulated by CySEC 185/12 www.forextime.com

Investors are cautious ahead of key central bank meetings

By JustMarkets

The new week started with a more cautious mood in the markets. Stock indices closed lower on Monday as investors refused to buy stocks ahead of the Federal Reserve’s decision and further quarterly earnings. At Monday’s close, the Dow Jones Index (US30) decreased by 0.77%, and the S&P 500 Index (US500) lost 1.30%. The NASDAQ Technology Index (US100) fell by 1.96% yesterday.

According to analysts, the 25 basis point increase has already been accounted for by the market. The Federal Reserve is looking to slow its campaign against inflation but will signal further tightening. Officials note that unjustified easing will make it harder for them to restore price stability. Economists believe rising mortgage rates are cooling the housing market, and higher lending rates could make corporate investments more expensive. A stronger dollar hurts manufacturing by making exports more expensive and imports cheaper. And lower stock and bond prices can help curb consumer spending.

Stock markets in Europe mostly fell yesterday. Germany’s DAX (DE30) decreased by 0.16%, France’s CAC 40 (FR40) lost 0.21%, Spain’s IBEX 35 (ES35) fell by 0.12%, and the British FTSE 100 (UK100) closed up by 0.25% on Monday.

Unexpected data were published yesterday in Spain and Germany. Spain’s harmonized consumer price index rose from 5.7% to 5.8% year-over-year, with a forecast of 4.9%. A rebound in fuel prices drove the result. The core inflation rate rose to a record 7.5% year-over-year, reinforcing fears of tighter price pressures. In Germany, fears of a recession returned. Preliminary GDP data showed that the economy shrank by 0.2% quarterly after rising by 0.5% in the third quarter. Annual GDP growth for 2022 was also revised downward to 1.8% from 1.9% year-over-year.

The flurry of recent data showing that Europe’s economy is starting to grow again has even raised hopes that the Eurozone will avoid a sharp recession. But ECB President Christine Lagarde has repeatedly stressed that rates will continue to rise at a steady pace, and the ECB is expected to raise rates by 50 basis points on Thursday. Most analysts also expect a 50 basis point hike in March, but as inflation begins to decline and GDP in key eurozone economies shrink, there are already signs of a debate among policymakers that the pace should slow down. The focus will be on Lagarde’s comments after the rate decision is announced to hint at the future direction.

In Switzerland, the KOF economic barometer rose for the second month in a row. Nevertheless, the indicator remains below its medium-term value. But the outlook for the Swiss economy at the start of the year is much less bleak than it was last fall. The sectors that are recovering the fastest are manufacturing, hospitality, and services.

Oil fell by 2% yesterday. It became known that Moscow would not adhere to the Russian oil price cap set by the West. The administration of President Vladimir Putin is allowing Russian oil companies to sell as many barrels of oil as they want at whatever price they can get. There is a huge discrepancy between the Russian government’s policy and actual activity in the physical oil market. Russia is trying to negotiate with OPEC+ countries to maintain price stability and to maintain higher oil prices. Much will depend on whether OPEC+ leaves production levels at current levels.

Asian markets traded flat yesterday. Japan’s Nikkei 225 (JP225) gained 0.19%, China’s FTSE China A50 (CHA50) added 0.76% after the holiday, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng (HK50) fell by 2.73%, India’s NIFTY 50 (IND50) gained 0.25%, and Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 (AU200) ended the day 0.16% negative.

Kuroda’s ten-year tenure at the helm of Japan’s central bank comes to an end in April. Prime Minister. Kishida indicated last week that he would choose a new governor in February. Most Bank of Japan observers surveyed by Bloomberg see current deputy governor Masayoshi Amamiya or his predecessor Hiroshi Nakaso as the most likely successors. In the latest Bloomberg poll of Bank of Japan observers, Amamiya was the favorite to replace Kuroda, with 25 votes out of 37 responses.

China’s business activity index rose for the first time in four months as the economic recovery from Covid Zero continues and the Lunar New Year holiday boosted travel and spending. The pace of activity recovery remains in focus, and one positive sign is that more than 300 million trips were made during the Lunar New Year, nearly 90% of pre-pandemic levels.

S&P 500 (F) (US500) 4,017.77 −52.79 (−1.30%)

Dow Jones (US30) 33,717.09 −260.99 (−0.77%)

DAX (DE40) 15,126.08 −23.95 (−0.16%)

FTSE 100 (UK100) 7,784.87 +19.72 (+0.25%)

USD Index 102.23 +0.30 (+0.30%)

Important events for today:
  • – Japan Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 01:30 (GMT+2);
  • – Japan Retail Sales at 01:50 (GMT+2);
  • – Japan Industrial Production (m/m) at 01:50 (GMT+2);
  • – Australia Retail Sales (m/m) at 02:30 (GMT+2);
  • – China Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 03:30 (GMT+2);
  • – China Non-Manufacturing PMI (m/m) at 03:30 (GMT+2);
  • – French GDP (q/q) at 08:30 (GMT+2);
  • – German Retail Sales (m/m) at 09:00 (GMT+2);
  • – French Consumer Price Index (m/m) at 09:45 (GMT+2);
  • – German Unemployment Rate (m/m) at 10:55 (GMT+2);
  • – Eurozone GDP (q/q) at 12:00 (GMT+2);
  • – German Consumer Price Index (m/m) at 15:00 (GMT+2);
  • – Canada GDP (q/q) at 15:30 (GMT+2);
  • – US Chicago PMI (m/m) at 16:45 (GMT+2);
  • – US CB Consumer Confidence (m/m) at 17:00 (GMT+2);
  • – New Zealand Unemployment Rate (q/q) at 23:45 (GMT+2).

By JustMarkets

 

This article reflects a personal opinion and should not be interpreted as an investment advice, and/or offer, and/or a persistent request for carrying out financial transactions, and/or a guarantee, and/or a forecast of future events.

82% of millionaires seek advice on crypto as Bitcoin soars

By George Prior

Eight out of 10 high net worth (HNW) individuals have asked their financial advisers about including cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, into their portfolios over the last 12 months – despite the market experiencing a difficult year in 2022.

According to the results of a study by deVere Group, one of the world’s largest independent financial advisory, asset management and fintech organizations, 82% of clients with between £1m and £5m of investable assets sought advice on cryptocurrencies.

Nigel Green, the CEO and founder of deVere Group, notes: “In 2022, the crypto market delivered its worst performance since 2018, with Bitcoin, the headline-grabbing market leader, falling about 75% during the year.

“The price drops came as investors reduced their exposure to risk-on assets, including stocks and crypto, due to heightened concerns about inflation and slower economic growth.

“Yet against this backdrop of the so-called ‘crypto winter’, HNWs were consistently seeking advice from their financial advisers about including digital currencies into their portfolios.”

He continues: “Interestingly, this typically more conservative group were not deterred by the bear market and adverse market conditions.  Instead, they were looking to either start including or increasing their exposure to crypto.

“This suggests that these high-net-worth clients are increasingly aware of the inherent characteristics of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin which has the core values of being digital, global, borderless, decentralized and tamper-proof.

“Wealthy investors understand that digital currencies are the future of money, and they don’t want to be left in the past.”

Many of these HNWs who were polled will also have seen a consistent surge in interest being expressed by institutional investors, including Wall Street giants, who bring further capital, influence and confidence to the sector.

In recent months, JPMorgan, like many other major legacy financial institutions, including Fidelity, BlackRock and New York Bank Mellon, have also begun to offer crypto-related services to their clients.

The deVere CEO believes that this momentum of interest is set to build further as the ‘crypto winter’ of 2022 is thawing.

“Bitcoin is on track for its best January since 2013 based on hopes that inflation has peaked, monetary policies become more favourable, and the various crypto-sector crises including high-profile bankruptcies are now in the rear-view mirror,” he says.
“The world’s largest cryptocurrency is up over 40% since the turn of the year and this will not go unnoticed by HNW clients and others who want to build wealth for the future.”

Nigel Green concludes: “If HNWs were expressing such huge interest in the 2022 bear market, as market conditions steadily improve, they’re going to be amongst the first to capitalise in the forthcoming bull run.”

About:

deVere Group is one of the world’s largest independent advisors of specialist global financial solutions to international, local mass affluent, and high-net-worth clients.  It has a network of more than 70 offices across the world, over 80,000 clients and $12bn under advisement.